Quality Assurance: Types of Audits
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Structural Evaluation type of audit?

  • Patient outcomes and recovery rates
  • Complaint case management and patient processing
  • Physical facilities, equipment, and staffing patterns (correct)
  • Protocols and time standards for EMS personnel

    • Which type of evaluation method involves measuring future events against predetermined standards?

  • Process Evaluation
  • Concurrent Methods
  • Outcome Evaluation
  • Prospective Methods (correct)

    • What is the primary focus of the Outcome Evaluation type of audit?

  • Results of patient care provided (correct)
  • Patient processing and registration procedures
  • Staffing patterns and backup procedures
  • Use of resources and appropriateness of use

    • What is the purpose of on-line medical control in Concurrent Methods of evaluation?

    <p>To provide real-time guidance during patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing minimal levels of primary training in Prospective Methods?

    <p>To set a baseline for EMS personnel training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of field observation of EMS personnel in Concurrent Methods?

    <p>To observe EMS personnel in their natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of splinting in pain management?

    <p>To immobilize and stabilize the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a wrong against an individual for which the wrongdoer must pay compensation?

    <p>Civil Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Process Evaluation type of audit?

    <p>Use of resources and appropriateness of use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing requirements for Continuing Medical Education (CME) in Prospective Methods?

    <p>To promote ongoing learning and professional development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Professionalism in the context of EMT-b?

    <p>The conduct or qualities that characterize an expert practitioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sorting patients by seriousness of injury?

    <p>Triage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others?

    <p>Leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of audits in retrospective methods?

    <p>To identify trends and patterns in patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of communication between healthcare providers and patients?

    <p>To facilitate effective diagnosis and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession?

    <p>Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of high-flow oxygen therapy or positive pressure ventilations in pain management?

    <p>To manage pain through oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should EMTs communicate with geriatric patients?

    <p>Determine the person's functional age and adapt communication accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a good documentation in EMT-b?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of documentation in PCR?

    <p>To create a legal record of the incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radio communication in emergency response?

    <p>To facilitate contact between providers and medical control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should EMTs communicate with children during an emergency response?

    <p>Position yourself on their level and explain procedures truthfully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a multiple casualty incident (MCI)?

    <p>Having three or more patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dispatcher in emergency response?

    <p>To screen and assign priorities, and select and alert appropriate units to respond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a Bronze commander in Command and Control?

    <p>To be directly responsible to their Incident commanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Warm zone in Safety zones?

    <p>To decontaminate people that have contaminated with the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest priority in Triage Priorities?

    <p>Red - highest priority patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of Autonomy in Ethical principles?

    <p>Honour the right of patients to self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of portable radio installed in a vehicle?

    <p>10 to 15 miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Cold zone in Safety zones?

    <p>This is where the treatment, rehabilitation area is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the signs and symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors to remember when transferring a patient?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of benchmarking in the context of EMS?

    <p>To identify areas for improvement in internal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Medical Director in an EMS system?

    <p>To educate and train personnel, participate in equipment and personnel selection, and develop clinical protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an EMT-Basic and an EMT-Paramedic?

    <p>The types of medical procedures they are authorized to perform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ERG 2012 guidebook?

    <p>To provide guidance for first responders during the initial phase of a hazardous materials transportation incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of markings on hazardous materials packages?

    <p>To provide additional information about the contents of the package</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of mass decontamination procedures?

    <p>To remove the bulk of contaminants from a person as quickly and completely as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between BLS and ALS procedures?

    <p>The level of complexity of the procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the EMS system in providing medical care to the community?

    <p>To establish a network of personnel, equipment, and resources to deliver aid and emergency medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Retrospective Methods

    • Recognition of past deficiencies, trends & patterns
      • Medical debriefings
      • Critique sessions
      • Audits
      • Practice profile/credentialing
      • Incident reports

    Roles and Responsibilities of an EMT

    • Primary roles and responsibilities
    • Characteristics of an EMT

    Dealing with Grief

    • Providing gentle, caring support
    • Making helpful statements and comments
    • Being sincere and understanding
    • Understanding that grief is a process

    The Grieving Process

    • Denial: Refusal to accept
    • Anger: Blaming others
    • Bargaining: Promising to change
    • Depression: Openly expressing grief
    • Acceptance: The simple "yes"

    Public Education Awareness

    • What to do in an emergency
    • Number to call
    • Information required
    • Teaching basic first aid skills
    • Promoting the service
    • Skills development and job creation
    • Community voluntary standbys
    • Poster presentations

    PCR (Patient Care Report)

    • Importance of documentation
    • A written record of the incident
    • A legal record of the incident
    • Professionalism
    • Medical audit
    • Quality improvement
    • Billing and administration
    • Data collection

    Radio Communication

    • Facilitating contact between providers and medical control

    Communication

    • Sharing medical information and history accurately
    • Facilitating effective diagnosis and treatment
    • Building trust and rapport between healthcare providers and patients
    • Providing emotional support and reassurance
    • Educating patients about their conditions, treatments, and preventive measures
    • Enabling collaboration among healthcare professionals
    • Ensuring patient safety through clear instructions and informed consent

    Good Communication

    • Never putting anyone down for making a mistake
    • Being honest without criticizing
    • Not judging people's opinions

    Communicating with Special Patient Groups

    • Communicating with children:
      • Allow people or objects that provide comfort to remain close
      • Explaining procedures truthfully
      • Positioning oneself at the child's level
    • Communicating with geriatric patients:
      • Determining the person's functional age
      • Not assuming an older patient is senile or confused
      • Allowing ample time to respond
      • Watching for confusion, anxiety, or impaired hearing or vision
    • Communicating with abused patients:
      • Approaching calmly and compassionately
      • Introducing oneself and explaining one's role
      • Ensuring the patient feels safe and supported

    Multiple Casualty Incident

    • Reporting back to control and providing necessary information
    • Defining an MCI: Having three or more patients

    Responsibilities of Medical Officer, Dispatcher, and EMT

    • Dispatcher responsibilities:
      • Screening and assigning priorities
      • Selecting and alerting units to respond
      • Directing units to the location
      • Coordinating response with other agencies
      • Providing pre-arrival instructions to the caller
    • Medical Control responsibilities:
      • Guiding treatment of patients
      • Providing direct orders for treatment
      • Varying responsibilities from system to system

    Non-Pharmacological Pain Management

    • Using non-pharmacological methods in the field:
      • Splinting
      • Gentle handling
      • Talking to patients

    Preparing a Patient for Rescue

    • Administering high-flow oxygen therapy or positive pressure ventilations
    • Administering sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, or fluid bolus

    Packaging a Patient with a C-Spine Injury

    • Securing the C-Spine

    Rescue Equipment

    • Basket stretcher
    • Kendrick Extrication Device (KED)
    • Spine board
    • Other types of rescue equipment

    Types of Rescue

    • Confined Spaces
    • Trenches
    • Water rescue
    • Spinal Injuries in Submersion Incidents
    • Rope rescue
    • Wilderness search and rescue
    • Lost person search and rescue
    • Structure fires
    • Agricultural and industrial rescue

    Definitions

    • Professionalism: Conduct characteristic of an expert practitioner
    • Major incident: Incident requiring extraordinary resources
    • Triage: Sorting patients by seriousness of injury
    • Criminal law: Crimes against the state
    • Civil law: Wrongs against individuals
    • Patient autonomy: Rational decisions for oneself
    • Implied consent: Agreement to treatment without coercion
    • Professional negligence: Negligent harm to another
    • Medical malpractice: Negligent or intentional harm
    • Unprofessional conduct: Improper or dishonorable conduct
    • Ethics: Rules governing professional conduct
    • Leadership: Ability to influence and motivate others
    • Respect: Deep admiration for someone or something

    Handover

    • IMIST-AMBO
    • METHANE
    • Other handover protocols

    Transportation Modes

    • Type 1 Ambulance
    • Type II Ambulance
    • Type 3 Ambulance
    • Response Vehicle
    • Cycles and Motorcycles
    • Helicopter
    • Military helicopters
    • Fix Wing versus Rotor Wing air ambulance

    Good Documentation

    • Accuracy
    • Legibility
    • Timeliness
    • Unaltered
    • Professionalism
    • Completeness

    Zones

    • Bronze (operational)
    • Silver (tactical)
    • Gold (strategic)
    • Safety zones:
      • Hot zone: Hazardous materials present
      • Warm zone: Decontamination area
      • Cold zone: Safe area

    Rescue Activities

    • Preparation
    • Response
    • Scene size-up
    • Disentanglement
    • Removal
    • Transport

    Triage

    • Red (highest priority)
    • Yellow (second highest priority)
    • Green (walking wounded)
    • Black (dead)
    • Respect for persons
    • Autonomy
    • Non-maleficence
    • Beneficence
    • Tolerance

    Environmental Disasters

    • Earthquake
    • Building fire
    • Train accident
    • Volcano
    • Flood
    • Plane crash

    Portable Radio

    • Range of 10-15 miles
    • Handheld radios operate at 1-5 watts of power

    Handheld Tools

    • Striking tools
    • Leverage/prying/spreading tools
    • Cutting tools
    • Lifting/pushing/pulling tools

    Hazards

    • 5 types of hazards:
      • Chemical
      • Biological
      • Physical
      • Psychological
      • Environmental

    Transferring a Patient

    • Nature of illness
    • Urgency of transfer
    • Mobilization time
    • Geographical factors
    • Weather
    • Traffic conditions
    • Cost

    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

    • Depression
    • Startle reactions
    • Flashback phenomena
    • Amnesia of event

    Applied Respect

    • Healthcare practitioners should respect patients as persons
    • Autonomy: Respect for patient decisions
    • Non-maleficence: Do not harm or act against the best interests of patients
    • Beneficence: Act in the best interests of patients
    • Tolerance: Respect for different ethical beliefs

    EMT/Paramedic Licensing in UAE

    • 3 Certification Levels:
      • Emergency Medical Technician-Basic (EMT-B)
      • Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic (EMT-P)
      • Emergency Medical Technician-Advance Paramedic (EMT-AP)

    Benchmarking

    • On-going and systematic process for measuring and comparing the work process of one organization to those of another
    • Goal: Providing policymakers with a standard for measuring quality and cost of internal activities and identifying opportunities for improvement

    Licensing of EMS Industry in UAE

    • Regulatory framework for EMS industry in the UAE

    All Definitions of CLO2

    • EMS System: Comprehensive network of personnel, equipment, and resources for delivering aid and emergency medical care
    • BLS: Basic Life Support procedures such as artificial ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • ALS: Advanced Life Support procedures such as intravenous therapy, drug therapy, intubation, and defibrillation
    • Protocols: Policies and procedures for all elements of an EMS system
    • Ongoing Education: Variety of journals and resources for staying current in the EMS industry

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    Test your knowledge of quality assurance audits, including structural evaluation, process evaluation, and more. Identify the different types of audits and their key components.

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