Restorative Justice: Concepts and Practices

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of restorative justice in the context of traditional societies?

To resurrect and adapt traditional forms of justice (correct)

To condemn and repress customary approaches

To create a new legal framework from scratch

To impose Western legal models on indigenous communities

What is the name of the practice that emerged in the 1970s and '80s in the United States and Canada?

Conflict Transformation Initiative

Peacebuilding Project

Victim Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP) (correct)

Restorative Justice Program

What is the role of restorative justice in the theory and practice of conflict transformation and peacebuilding?

It is unrelated to conflict transformation and peacebuilding

It provides an abstract framework

It offers a concrete way to think about justice (correct)

It is a separate field of study

What is the significance of schools in the context of restorative practices?

They are important places for restorative practices Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between restorative justice and traditional forms of justice in indigenous communities?

Restorative justice adapts traditional forms of justice Signup and view all the answers

What are two important forms of restorative justice that are adaptations of traditional ways?

Family group conferences and peacemaking circles Signup and view all the answers

Why did Western legal models often condemn and repress traditional forms of justice?

Because they were imposed by colonial powers Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of restorative justice in the context of criminal justice?

Show respect to all parties—victims, offenders, justice colleagues Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of circle sentencing?

Addressing the needs and interests of all parties, including the victim Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of restorative programmes for juvenile offenders?

They provide alternatives to measures that would deprive a youth of their liberty Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a restorative programme in schools?

Peer mediation Signup and view all the answers

In which countries has indigenous informal participation in sentencing procedures been occurring?

Australia and Canada Signup and view all the answers

What is a goal of circle sentencing?

To promote awareness and respect for values and the lives of others Signup and view all the answers

What can restorative programmes in schools provide?

An opportunity for the community to provide an educational response to minor offences Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of restorative programmes over formal youth justice measures?

They provide educational value and promote diversionary measures Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of circle sentencing?

It recognizes existing healing resources and creates new ones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of restorative justice programmes?

Healing the harm caused by the crime Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the facilitator in a restorative justice process?

To facilitate active participation of the parties Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a restorative justice process?

It gives equal importance to the process and the outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the individuals involved in a restorative justice process?

Parties Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of a restorative justice outcome?

To reintegrate the victim and the offender Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a restorative justice programme?

Reparation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the technique used in a restorative justice process?

Mediation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of restorative justice programmes across different countries?

Variety of terminologies used Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of identifying factors that lead to crime?

To inform authorities responsible for crime reduction strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is the spirit of the restorative process?

Explanation and understanding Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of the criminal justice process can a restorative justice process be initiated?

At any stage of the criminal justice process Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of restorative justice programmes?

They complement the existing criminal justice system Signup and view all the answers

What is an alternative to incarceration that restorative interventions can be used for?

As part of or in addition to a non-custodial sentence Signup and view all the answers

In what type of programmes can restorative processes be used to deal with minor behavioral problems?

School-based programmes Signup and view all the answers

What is possible in some countries in parallel to the prosecution?

Restorative interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of victim offender mediation programmes?

Restorative justice Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of an ethical commission in the context of restorative justice?

Elaborating ethical principles for restorative justice practitioners Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in the effective implementation of restorative justice initiatives?

Securing a buy-in by the criminal justice system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of carefully designing a restorative justice programme?

To build on the existing strengths of the community and the justice system Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to guide new programmes and establish the necessary normative framework in some cases?

Policies and clear guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the successful implementation of restorative justice programmes?

Collaboration between governments, communities, and nongovernmental organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of adapting existing justice structures to incorporate elements of restorative justice?

Reducing the need for new legislation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an ethical commission in providing a complaints procedure?

For victims, offenders, and others involved in the restorative process Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the implementation process of restorative justice initiatives?

Careful planning and monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Restorative Justice: Concept and Philosophy

Emerged in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States and Canada
Initially called the Victim Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP), later modified and renamed to restorative justice

Restorative Justice in Schools

Important place for restorative practices
Approaches used in educational settings must be shaped to fit the context
Similarities to restorative justice programs for criminal cases, but with important differences

Traditional Ways of Justice

Restorative justice serves as a catalyst to reevaluate, resurrect, and adapt traditional approaches
In Africa and North American indigenous communities, restorative justice can provide a conceptual framework to affirm and legitimate traditional forms of justice

Forms of Restorative Justice

Family group conferences
Peacemaking circles
Adaptations of traditional ways of justice

Restorative Justice Programs

Based on the principle that criminal behavior injures victims and the community
Involves the victim, offender, and affected individuals or community members
Facilitated by a mediator
Aims to achieve restorative outcomes, including reparation, restitution, and community services

Restorative Justice Process

Open and encourages frank discussion of the background of the offence
Identifies factors that lead to crime and informs authorities responsible for crime reduction strategy

Types of Restorative Justice Programs

Victim offender mediation programs
Community and family group conferencing
Circle sentencing
Reparative probation
Indigenous and customary justice forums

Implementation of Restorative Justice Programs

Complement rather than replace the existing criminal justice system
Can be used at any stage of the criminal justice process
Four main points for initiating a restorative justice process: police level, prosecution level, court level, and corrections level
Requires strategic and innovative initiatives, collaboration, and careful planning and monitoring

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Description

Explore the emergence of restorative justice, its evolution, and its applications in schools and educational settings. Learn about the similarities and differences with restorative justice programs for criminal cases.