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What is the primary function of protection orders in the criminal justice system?
What is the primary function of protection orders in the criminal justice system?
What is the purpose of witness protection programs established in 1996?
What is the purpose of witness protection programs established in 1996?
What is the main focus of victim support measures in the criminal justice system?
What is the main focus of victim support measures in the criminal justice system?
What is the broad function of the criminal justice system in relation to protecting victims against violence and intimidation?
What is the broad function of the criminal justice system in relation to protecting victims against violence and intimidation?
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What is the main focus of restorative justice (RJ)?
What is the main focus of restorative justice (RJ)?
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Which approach justifies the state's use of force to obtain obedience?
Which approach justifies the state's use of force to obtain obedience?
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How does restorative justice (RJ) differ from traditional criminal justice in addressing offenders' responsibility?
How does restorative justice (RJ) differ from traditional criminal justice in addressing offenders' responsibility?
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In what context can restorative justice (RJ) be applied in South Africa?
In what context can restorative justice (RJ) be applied in South Africa?
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What is a key factor influencing the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ)?
What is a key factor influencing the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ)?
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What is the primary aim of restorative justice (RJ) for victims?
What is the primary aim of restorative justice (RJ) for victims?
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What does restorative justice (RJ) emphasize in addressing the impact of offenders' actions on others?
What does restorative justice (RJ) emphasize in addressing the impact of offenders' actions on others?
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What characterizes the application of restorative justice (RJ) to serious violent crimes?
What characterizes the application of restorative justice (RJ) to serious violent crimes?
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Why should restorative justice (RJ) be a voluntary process?
Why should restorative justice (RJ) be a voluntary process?
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What is the primary focus of the oldest theories of criminal justice?
What is the primary focus of the oldest theories of criminal justice?
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How does restorative justice (RJ) differ from the utilitarian deterrence approach?
How does restorative justice (RJ) differ from the utilitarian deterrence approach?
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What is the aim of restorative justice (RJ) for offenders?
What is the aim of restorative justice (RJ) for offenders?
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What are the pillars of restorative justice according to the framework developed by Zehr?
What are the pillars of restorative justice according to the framework developed by Zehr?
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What is the focus of the transformative conception of restorative justice?
What is the focus of the transformative conception of restorative justice?
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What is the primary aim of restorative justice for offenders?
What is the primary aim of restorative justice for offenders?
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What characterizes the restorative approach in contrast to the retributive approach?
What characterizes the restorative approach in contrast to the retributive approach?
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What does restorative justice value in terms of addressing harms and needs?
What does restorative justice value in terms of addressing harms and needs?
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What are the key requirements for victims of crime according to the text?
What are the key requirements for victims of crime according to the text?
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What does the encounter conception of restorative justice emphasize?
What does the encounter conception of restorative justice emphasize?
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What is the main focus of the reparative conception of restorative justice?
What is the main focus of the reparative conception of restorative justice?
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What is the aim of restorative justice for victims?
What is the aim of restorative justice for victims?
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What are the key theories that shape the functioning of the criminal justice system according to the text?
What are the key theories that shape the functioning of the criminal justice system according to the text?
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What is the reconceptualization of justice that restorative justice focuses on?
What is the reconceptualization of justice that restorative justice focuses on?
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What is the primary function of protection orders in the criminal justice system?
What is the primary function of protection orders in the criminal justice system?
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What is the primary purpose of Thuthuzela care centers?
What is the primary purpose of Thuthuzela care centers?
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What is the duty of police officers regarding SGBV survivors and PEP for HIV?
What is the duty of police officers regarding SGBV survivors and PEP for HIV?
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What support do child witness/child advocacy programs provide?
What support do child witness/child advocacy programs provide?
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What is the role of specialized units like the Sexual Offenses Unit?
What is the role of specialized units like the Sexual Offenses Unit?
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What is the primary function of bail orders in witness protection measures?
What is the primary function of bail orders in witness protection measures?
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What is the main focus of restorative justice (RJ) objectives?
What is the main focus of restorative justice (RJ) objectives?
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What is the aim of creating a new category of witness declared 'vulnerable'?
What is the aim of creating a new category of witness declared 'vulnerable'?
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What is the primary role of CCTV in witness protection measures?
What is the primary role of CCTV in witness protection measures?
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What is the primary aim of rape victim support measures?
What is the primary aim of rape victim support measures?
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What is the primary function of the 56 designated sexual offenses courts (SOC)?
What is the primary function of the 56 designated sexual offenses courts (SOC)?
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What is the main focus of victim support for vulnerable victims and witnesses?
What is the main focus of victim support for vulnerable victims and witnesses?
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What is the primary aim of child witness/child advocacy programs?
What is the primary aim of child witness/child advocacy programs?
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Study Notes
Restorative Justice: Addressing Shortcomings and Offering Support to Victims
- Oldest theories of criminal justice rooted in religious and theological ideas, viewing criminal offenses as 'sin' and focusing on punishment.
- Utilitarian deterrence approach justifies state's use of force to obtain obedience and focuses on pain and suffering as deterrence.
- Rehabilitation approach views offenders as patients or victims, emphasizing treatment and social environment as causes of crime.
- Restorative justice (RJ) addresses shortcomings by focusing on social protection, deterrence, and offenders' responsibility without using punishment as a lesson for others.
- RJ offers victims a different approach by placing them at the center of the process, focusing on community safety, and potential to diffuse emotional situations.
- RJ can be combined with traditional sanctions, such as protection orders, and can empower and satisfy various victims.
- RJ can reduce recidivism, but its effectiveness depends on implementation, preparation of parties, and capability of the facilitator.
- Application of RJ on serious violent crimes in South Africa: RJ can achieve deterrence, crime reduction, and rehabilitation, and can be used in conjunction with imprisonment.
- RJ should be a voluntary process, as it may not work for all victims or all types of crimes.
- RJ does not minimize the seriousness of the crime, but aims to free the victim from hatred and pain and allow the offender to take responsibility.
- Some victims want punishment and an apology, and RJ addresses the need for the offender to understand the impact of their actions on others.
- RJ does not aim to minimize the seriousness of the offense, nor does it mean that the perpetrator must be let off the hook.
Improving Witness Protection and Support in the Criminal Justice System
- Witness protection measures include CCTV, one-way glass for identification parades, and bail orders forbidding interference with witnesses
- Fear of reprisal reduces reporting levels of crime, and medical assistance, emotional support, and trauma counseling are provided
- Rape victims receive medical assistance, ARV's, and perpetrators are tested for HIV with PEP available in certain circumstances
- Police officers have a legal duty to inform SGBV survivors about obtaining PEP for HIV as soon as possible
- Specialized units like Family Violence, Child Protection, and Sexual Offenses Unit provide private and secure environments for victims during investigations
- There are 56 designated sexual offenses courts (SOC) specializing in hearing sexual offense matters with special victim support services
- Thuthuzela care centers provide acute medical care, forensic examinations, PEP, counseling, and support for victims
- Child witness/child advocacy programs assist child victims in preparing testimony and reduce secondary victimization
- Vulnerable victims and witnesses face hardships amplified by increased vulnerability, influencing their interaction with the criminal justice system
- Disabled children are more likely to be abused and may require interpreters and intermediaries for testifying
- Creating a new category of witness declared 'vulnerable' could reduce secondary victimization and improve their treatment
- Objectives of restorative justice include supporting victims, repairing relationships, denouncing criminal behavior, encouraging responsibility, and identifying forward-looking outcomes
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Description
"Restorative Justice and Witness Support in Criminal Justice" Quiz: Test your knowledge of restorative justice principles, victim-centered approaches, witness protection measures, and support services in the criminal justice system. Explore the application of restorative justice and the improvement of witness protection to address shortcomings and offer support to victims.
