Introduction to Restorative Justice

A way to resolve conflicts in a non-violent participatory and deliberative way.

True

evil

To prevent wrongdoing among the general population

False

Voluntariness, Participation, Active involvement, Togetherness, Dialogue, Encounter, Deliberative processes

False

Dialogue and encounter

offenders

Responsive Regulation = Flexible dynamic regulatory system adjusting to behavior Restorative Justice = Voluntary encounter and dialogue for re-integration Coercive measures = Enforcement methods at the top of the regulatory pyramid Delinquency = Individuals making cost-benefit analysis regarding offending

To start at the base and escalate punitive approaches only when necessary.

Building voluntary commitment to meet obligations

True

compliance

Rule of conduct = Demand voluntary compliance Persuasion = Aim at convincing and motivating compliance Compliance = Voluntary adherence to rules Desistance = Decision not to offend

Restorative Justice

False

Compromise, reciprocal concession, and reaching agreements to settle disputes.

The parties involved

False

The key difference between mediation and restorative justice is that restorative justice includes the word justice and focuses on restoration, healing, and considering the future of those involved.

To restore and heal

encounter

False

Restorative Justice

All of the above

False

dialogue

RJ involves commitments and engagement for win-win actions

Restorative Justice (RJ)

Restorative Justice (RJ) = At the basis of the pyramid Negotiations = In the second position Adjudication, judicial adversarial methods = Covering the last smaller part of the pyramid

False

Complexity, outcomes, addressing needs, authenticity, transparency, fostering skills

The process, the encounter, and the dialogue are what matters, not the outcome.

The victim and the offender are enabled to participate actively in the resolution of matters arising from the criminal offence through the help of an impartial third party.

The prisoners' consent is stressed, and their participation is voluntary and does not amount to an indirect form of further punishment.

It is the first international soft law instrument on Restorative Justice.

The increasing recognition of the use of Restorative Justice techniques with sentenced prisoners who wish to make preparations for their offences.

The encounter, the dialogue, and the process.

It is a legal binding source that mentions Restorative Justice, although it does not put an obligation on Member States.

The participation is voluntary and does not amount to an indirect form of further punishment.

Victims played a paramount role in ancient primitive societies where criminal justice was a private justice, revenge in the direct hands of victims. Public criminal justice systems focused on the offender, limiting the victim's power over the accused.

The law of retaliation, dating back to the 17th century before Christ, stated a strict limit to the victim's revenge: only one eye for an eye, no more.

Victims were often blamed and viewed as catalysts of crime, or even accomplices.

Victimization can still be a social stigma, but a more sensitive culture of victimhood has emerged, with victims being viewed as vulnerable subjects.

To stress how, despite victimization, they have not been defeated and do not want to be addressed as vulnerable, weak, helpless individuals.

It has been rejected by some, who view it as perpetuating a passive and helpless image of victims, and instead advocate for the use of the term 'survivor'.

Public criminal justice systems have gradually isolated victims and limited their power over the accused.

It has led to a more sensitive culture of victimhood, with victims being viewed as vulnerable subjects, but also as active participants in the justice process.

Ensuring confidentiality in Restorative Justice processes promotes freedom of participation, avoids self-defensive mechanisms, and maintains the freedom of discussion among parties involved.

The facilitator should report only the steps taken and outcomes of RJ processes, without revealing the contents of discussions between parties, except in cases of imminent or serious crimes.

It is a dark side of a strongly individualistic view of human rights, resulting in continuous quarreling, complaining, fighting, claiming, and suing others in courts.

The ideal victim is a person or category of individuals who, when hit by crime, are most readily given the complete and legitimate status of being a victim, and is typically characterized by weakness, respectability, and lack of blame.

Social and political variables can shape the definition and recognition of victimhood, reflecting the values and power dynamics of a given society.

Individualistic rights are counterbalanced with solidarity and other duties, resulting in a tension between individual freedoms and collective responsibilities.

Christie's work, such as 'The Ideal Victim', has been influential in shaping our understanding of victimhood and its social construction, highlighting the importance of considering the role of power and social variables in shaping our understanding of victims and victimhood.

The individualistic view of human rights can lead to a culture of complaint, where individuals focus on their rights and freedoms without considering their duties and responsibilities to others, resulting in conflicts and social unrest.

The motivation is the news that his brother may die, and the journey symbolizes the personal exodus and the restoration of justice.

They view it as an instrument to be used especially in criminal matters, and its significance lies in its rapid development worldwide.

The focus is on the restoration of relationships and justice, rather than punishment or retribution, which is the core principle of restorative justice.

It symbolizes the use of unconventional and innovative methods to achieve justice and reconciliation.

The story promotes values such as reconciliation, forgiveness, and personal responsibility, which are core principles of restorative justice.

They reveal the rapid development and recognition of restorative justice worldwide, and demonstrate its growing importance in the criminal justice system.

It reflects the principles of personal responsibility, accountability, and reconciliation, and reveals Alvin's determination and commitment to making amends.

It suggests that individuals have a critical role to play in promoting justice and reconciliation, and that restorative justice should focus on empowering individuals to take responsibility and make amends.

To affirm who is right and who is wrong, and to determine what is legal or illegal, correct or incorrect.

Because the judgement is the decision-making process that determines who is right and who is wrong.

To enforce the judgement with authority and if necessary, with coercive interventions.

The law is seen as a means to put an end to the conflict through a judgement.

The outcome is a judgement that determines who is right and who is wrong, and what is legal or illegal.

It is a judgement according to the law, which shapes the outcome of the conflict.

Through a judgement that determines who is right and who is wrong, and what is legal or illegal.

The law is relevant as it shapes the decision-making process and determines the outcome of the conflict.

The concept of justice is linked to responses to injustices, wrongdoing, and other evil actions, and it always comes after evil, in response to it.

Restorative justice is a response to injustices, whereas responsive regulation aims to prevent injustices from occurring in the first place.

The UN definition emphasizes the importance of participatory, consensual, and voluntary processes in restorative justice.

Restorative justice is centered on consent, participation, and active engagement of victims, offenders, and community members, whereas traditional models rely on force and coercion.

The facilitator helps victims, offenders, and community members to actively participate in the resolution of matters arising from the crime.

Restorative justice promotes voluntary participation and compliance through its focus on consent, participation, and active engagement of stakeholders.

The concept of restorative outcome highlights the importance of achieving a positive outcome for all parties involved in the restorative justice process.

Restorative justice prioritizes the participation and engagement of victims, allowing them to take an active role in the resolution of the crime.

Coexistence needs to be built, and it is not spontaneous.

They are capable of being bridge builders, fostering conditions for peaceful and non-violent coexistence.

The capability of self-criticism with regards to their own community.

Because they break the compactness of each group in order to become a bridge towards the others.

To create conditions for peaceful and non-violent coexistence.

It provides a framework for building interactive togetherness and peaceful coexistence.

Coexistence needs to be built, and conflicts are inherent in this process.

They risk consciously between conflicting communities, creating peaceful periods in mankind.

The issues or rights over which the parties are conflicting must be disposable ones, meaning the parties can dispose of those rights and interests.

Rules deal with the procedure rather than the content of the solutions.

Power imbalances can prevent the reaching of a fair agreement and cause negotiated settlements to fail.

A win-win solution.

The will of the parties and their capabilities.

A win-win outcome occurs when parties are mutually fair, while a lose-lose outcome occurs when power imbalances, lack of will, or incapacity prevent an agreement.

Unfairness can occur through procedural wrongs, such as a lack of transparency.

To reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

It sends a clear message of involvement and engagement, and is a key strength of the process.

Rules are not commands or orders, but rather requests for behavior respectful of others.

Meeting people's needs and responsibilities, including the need for injustice to be acknowledged and for reintegration into the community.

As individuals responsible for causing harm, who must recognize and make amends for their actions.

The law plays a relevant role, serving as one of the interlocutors of the parties.

Restorative justice processes involve voluntary, active dialogue and encounter between parties, whereas negotiated settlements do not.

The 'enemy' refers to the other party, with whom one must engage in voluntary dialogue and confrontation.

The direct engagement and voluntary participation of all parties involved.

Recognition, respectful, sensitive and fair treatment, individualized and tailored assessment of needs, and competent and non-discriminatory services.

Humility, humanity, compassion, attention, and care, active listening and wisdom.

The focus on the victim and the offender taking an active role in the process.

It is a key element in the process of Restorative Justice, allowing for active participation and taking responsibility.

On the victim and the offender, rather than on punishing the offender.

Talents, non-technical skills, humanity, vulnerability, and compassion.

The voluntary participation and consent of prisoners.

It emphasizes the importance of recognizing victims' rights and providing them with support and protection.

to provide individualized assistance, support, and protection to real victims with real needs

Information, assistance and support; Protection; and Participation in proceedings

It means that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to assisting victims, and each victim has unique needs that must be addressed

Some aspects of the system may conflict with other people's rights, while others, such as information, assistance and support, do not

It means that victims have the right to participate in criminal proceedings and have a decision concerning reparation and compensation

It focuses on providing individualized assistance, support, and protection to real victims with real needs

The Directive promotes the principles of restorative justice, such as the right to participation and the right to reparation and compensation

It prioritizes the needs and rights of victims, providing them with individualized assistance, support, and protection

The primary focus of restorative diplomacy and peacebuilding is to address complexity and draft responsive outcomes, which is closely tied to the definition of peace, which is a key issue in this field.

The enforcement pyramid represents the different levels of conflict resolution, and the quality of peace refers to the ability of these mechanisms to address complexity and foster peace, with non-coercive and dynamic approaches being more effective.

The lecturer's personal experience, including direct involvement with protagonists and being a mediator, has shaped the selection of cases in the restorative justice model, making it a personal yet non-arbitrary choice.

The definition of peace is a key issue in restorative diplomacy and peacebuilding, and it directly affects the quality of peace, which is a measure of how effectively conflict resolution mechanisms address complexity and foster peace.

Participatory and dynamic modes of conflict resolution are more effective in addressing complexity and fostering quality peace, whereas authoritative coercive and punitive ones are less effective and often lead to more conflict.

The main goal of Women Without Borders is to empower women and mothers to prevent extremism and violence in their communities, which is a form of restorative peace building.

MotherSchools and FatherSchools projects aim to sensitize parents to their roles in building community resilience and preventing radicalization, which is a key aspect of restorative peace building.

Chapter 6 is a key study material for understanding restorative justice, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the concept and its application in real-life scenarios.

The lecturer was involved as a mediator in the restorative response to terrorism in Italy and the North of Spain, which has contributed to their personal experience and understanding of restorative justice.

Punitive interventions have been largely ineffective or insufficient in addressing violent extremism, whereas restorative approaches focus on building community resilience and preventing radicalization, offering a more effective solution.

Mothers play a crucial role in building community resilience and preventing radicalization, making them a key component of restorative peace building.

The lecturer's approach to restorative justice, which emphasizes personal experience and direct involvement, reflects the idea that it is a way of life, going beyond a purely theoretical concept.

The transformation of passive victimhood into agency is a key aspect of restorative peace building, as it empowers individuals and communities to take an active role in preventing violence and building resilience.

Bringinging the voices of impactful local leaders to the attention of the world is significant in promoting restorative peace building, as it recognizes the importance of community-led initiatives and empowerment.

The Women Without Borders organization's approach to empowering women and mothers is a form of restorative justice, as it focuses on building community resilience, preventing violence, and promoting empowerment and agency.

Introducing and normalizing the idea of mothers as the first line of defense against extremism is significant in promoting restorative peace building, as it recognizes the importance of community-led prevention and empowerment.

Memory can be used to freeze and block transformation and development, and prevent reconciliation. It can lead to an ever-ending cycle of violence, hatred, and evil, affecting even those who are not born when atrocities took place.

Literal memory revisits events from the past in a way that facts can never be overcome, and the present is subjugated to the past. Exemplary memory, on the other hand, draws lessons from past injustices to avoid present and future ones, and helps to build a better future.

Narration is essential in memory, and it requires respect for each moral witness, whether on the side of victims or perpetrators, to support their accounts and avoid perpetuating violence and hatred.

Memory can be used to promote justice and reconciliation by drawing lessons from past injustices to avoid present and future ones, and by respecting moral witnesses to support their accounts. The past should serve the present and promote justice, rather than blocking the future.

According to Todorov, those who do not forget the past also run the risk of repeating it by reversing their role, and becoming an aggressor instead of a victim.

The past can be used to build a better future by drawing lessons from past injustices to avoid present and future ones, and by respecting moral witnesses to support their accounts. Memory plays a crucial role in this process by serving the present and promoting justice.

Respecting moral witnesses is essential in the process of memory, as it allows for the support of their accounts and the promotion of justice. This respect is crucial in avoiding the perpetuation of violence and hatred, and in building a better future.

Memory can be used to promote justice by drawing lessons from past injustices to avoid present and future ones, and by respecting moral witnesses to support their accounts. The past should serve the present and promote justice, rather than blocking the future.