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Response Systems in Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main method of release for steroid hormones?

Active transport

Endocytosis

Simple diffusion (correct)

Storage in vesicles

Which hormone has a longer half-life, indicating a slower turnover rate?

Melatonin (correct)

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Insulin

What is the cellular mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Stimulating nongenomic effects through cell membrane receptors

Undergoing rapid degradation in the blood

Binding to carrier proteins in blood

Activating genomic effects through cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors (correct)

Which of the following hormones is NOT derived from tyrosine?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

In simple endocrine reflexes, which part of the endocrine system acts as the sensor?

Endocrine cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anterior pituitary gland?

Release six hormones of epithelial origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum requirement for a molecule to be considered a peptide?

One peptide bond Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone type is derived from amine hormones and often modified from tryptophan or tyrosine?

Peptide hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a preprohormone in the hormone synthesis process?

Requires signal sequence for release Signup and view all the answers

How are peptide hormones transported in the body?

Through the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular mechanism of action involves the activation of an enzyme (tyrosine kinase) on the cytoplasmic surface of a receptor?

Receptor-enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Where are steroid hormones primarily derived from?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hormones from other chemical signals used by cells to communicate?

They are secreted into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for rapid responses to changes with short durations?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system in the body?

Regulation of the internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a cell or tissue is a target for a specific hormone?

Hormone receptors in the cell or tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes growth factors different from hormones?

Function at short distances Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones affect gene expression and protein synthesis?

By impacting gene expression and protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers