30 Questions
What is the average volume of the tidal volume (TV)?
500 ml
Which respiratory volume represents the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs?
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
What is the function of the residual volume (RV) in the lungs?
To keep the alveoli open
Which respiratory capacity includes the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and the tidal volume (TV)?
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
What does the total lung capacity (TLC) represent?
Sum of all lung volumes
Which respiratory volume combines with the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) to form the functional residual capacity (FRC)?
Residual volume (RV)
What is the main function of the nose in the respiratory system?
Filtering and cleaning inspired air
Which organ is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood vessels and tissues?
Alveoli
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the respiratory system?
Producing mucus
Which part of the respiratory system serves as a resonating chamber for speech?
Larynx
What is the main function of the trachea?
Conduction of air to and from lungs
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
Nasal cavity
What forms the external nose?
Nasal and frontal bones superiorly, maxillary bones laterally
Which bones contribute to the formation of the nasal septum?
Cartilage, vomer bone, and ethmoid bone
What is the function of the nasal vestibule?
Lined with hairs that filter coarse particles from inspired air
What are the functions of the nasal conchae and nasal mucosa during inhalation?
Filter, heat, and moisten air
Which type of mucosa is responsible for containing smell receptors?
Olfactory mucosa
How does the structure of the external nose differ from the nasal conchae?
External nose is formed by bones, while nasal conchae are scroll-like projections covered with mucosa
What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components.
What is true about alveoli in the lungs based on the text?
PO2 is low and PCO2 is high.
What occurs in pulmonary capillaries according to Dalton's Law?
PO2 is low and PCO2 is high.
According to Dalton's Law, what happens in systemic tissues?
PO2 is low and PCO2 is high.
What does Henry's Law predict about gas exchange in the alveoli and bloodstream?
The amount of oxygen that dissolves into the bloodstream depends on the partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air.
How does the relative concentration of gases change as the pressure and volume of a gas mixture changes?
The relative concentration of gases remains constant.
Why does CO2 diffuse in equal amounts with oxygen during external respiration?
CO2 is more soluble in plasma and alveolar fluid than oxygen.
What determines the rate of gas movement through the respiratory membrane?
Thickness of the respiratory membranes and the concentration of the gas.
Why does oxygen move from blood to tissues during internal respiration?
Tissue PO2 is lower than arterial blood PO2.
How is molecular oxygen primarily transported in the blood?
Dissolved in plasma and bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
What makes CO2 diffusion efficient during external respiration despite a less steep partial pressure gradient?
Higher solubility of CO2 in plasma and alveolar fluid.
What role does the thickness of the respiratory membranes play in gas exchange?
It affects the rate of diffusion through the respiratory membrane.
Learn about different respiratory volumes such as tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume. Understand their functions and typical values in the human lungs.
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