Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure does NOT contain respiratory epithelium?

Terminal Bronchiole (correct)

Primary Bronchus

Trachea

Bronchi

What type of glands are present in the trachea?

Serous glands

Sebaceous glands

Mucous glands

Seromucous glands (correct)

Which of the following describes a distinguishing feature of the trachea when compared to the esophagus?

Presence of hyaline cartilage (correct)

Presence of stratified squamous epithelium

Absence of mucous glands

Thicker muscularis layer

What is found in the lamina propria of the trachea?

Loose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of respiratory epithelium?

Facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What connects the alveolar ducts to the alveolar sacs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in the trachea?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bronchi are more distal components of the bronchial tree?

Terminal bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the alveolar sacs?

Alveolus Signup and view all the answers

Which level of the bronchial tree is immediately superior to the terminal bronchioles?

Respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in respiratory epithelial cells?

To facilitate movement by propelling mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for the movement of cilia in ciliated cells?

Basal bodies Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes a goblet cell from other epithelial cells?

It has a broad apical part and narrow basal part Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in ciliated cells?

To provide energy for cilia movement Signup and view all the answers

How many types of cells are identified within the respiratory epithelium as mentioned?

5 types Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for mucus secretion in the airways?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT found in the bronchioles?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of brush cells in the respiratory system?

Sensing environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells plays a role in the repair of the respiratory epithelium?

Basal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Brush Cells in respiratory epithelium?

They are columnar cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is involved in the immune response within the bronchioles?

Small granule cells Signup and view all the answers

How many types of cells are mentioned in relation to respiratory epithelium?

5 types Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Brush Cells is incorrect?

They are involved in gas exchange. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the proportion of Brush Cells in respiratory epithelium?

They are less than 3% of total cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type amount is closest to that of Brush Cells in respiratory epithelium?

Basal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ciliated cells in respiratory pathways?

To facilitate the movement of mucus and foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ciliated cells?

They are involved in the absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Where in the body would you primarily find ciliated cells?

In the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

How do ciliated cells contribute to the defense of the respiratory system?

By trapping pathogens and helping move them out of the airways Signup and view all the answers

What can result from damage to ciliated cells in the respiratory tract?

Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microscopic Structure of the Lung

The lung lecture covered the microscopic structure of the lung, including the respiratory system and respiratory passages.
Learning objectives included identifying and describing the histological structure of the upper and lower respiratory zones, the respiratory epithelium in the upper airways, and the bronchial tree at the level of bronchi.
The respiratory system is anatomically classified into conducting and respiratory passages.
Conducting passages include the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi until the level of the larynx.
Lower respiratory tract includes the remaining part of the respiratory tract past the larynx.

Functional and Histological Classification

Conducting passages conduct air to and from the lungs.
They clean the air, removing dust, debris and particles.
They also condition the air by warming and humidifying it, protecting the delicate respiratory tract structure.
Conducting passages begin at the nose and end at the terminal bronchioles.
No gas exchange occurs in this zone.
No alveoli are present in this zone.

Respiratory Portion

The respiratory portion is involved in gaseous exchange.
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli are part of the respiratory portion.
Terminal bronchioles are distinct from respiratory bronchioles.
Alveoli are the sites of gas exchange in the lungs.

Respiratory Epithelium

The respiratory epithelium lines the upper respiratory tract up to the large bronchioles.
It's pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
The lining transitions to simple epithelium in the terminal bronchioles.
Cells found in the respiratory epithelium include goblet cells, ciliated cells, basal cells, brush cells, and small granule cells.
Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap foreign bodies.
Ciliated cells help move mucus and foreign materials out of the respiratory tract.
Basal cells act as stem cells, renewing other cell types.
Brush cells are chemosensory receptors.
Small granule cells (neuroendocrine) release hormones and neurotransmitters.

Respiratory Epithelium - Trachea

Tracheal epithelium is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells.
It has lamina propria with seromucous glands.
The trachea has hyaline cartilage in a C-shaped structure, maintaining patency.

Bronchial Tree and Lung Lobules

The bronchial tree begins at the trachea and branches into bronchi that further subdivide into bronchioles and alveoli.
The right and left primary bronchus carry air into the corresponding lungs.
Secondary bronchi further divide into tertiary bronchi supplying segments of each lobe.
Bronchioles eventually lead to terminal bronchioles, which lead to respiratory bronchioles, then alveolar ducts, and finally to alveolar sacs. Alveoli are the main functional unit.

Bronchial Tree – Bronchi

Bronchi have respiratory epithelium (including goblet cells).
Lamina propria with glands (elastic-smooth muscle-MALT).
Cartilage plates in the bronchi maintain patency.

Bronchial Tree - Bronchioles

Bronchioles have simple columnar to simple cuboidal epithelium (no goblet cells).
Lamina propria is more elastic.
No cartilage and prominent smooth muscle are present in bronchioles.
Clara cells are present in the bronchioles.

Questions & Answers

Q1: Terminal bronchioles are lined with simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium.
Q2: Terminal bronchioles do not perform gas exchange.
Q3: Brush cells in the respiratory epithelium have chemosensory function.
Q4: Cartilage is absent in the bronchioles.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system. This quiz covers key aspects such as the structure and features of the trachea, bronchi, and alveolar sacs. Explore the roles of various cells within the respiratory epithelium and their functions in respiratory health.