Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the correct location for the Endotracheal tube?
What is the correct location for the Endotracheal tube?
- In the Superior Vena Cava
- At the Carina
- 2 cm above the Carina
- 3-5 cm above the Carina (correct)
Where should the tip of a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) lie?
Where should the tip of a Central Venous Catheter (CVC) lie?
- Near the heart valves
- Within the Superior Vena Cava (correct)
- In the right Atrium
- At the Aorta
What is the primary use of a Peripherally inserted Central Catheter (PICC)?
What is the primary use of a Peripherally inserted Central Catheter (PICC)?
- Direct delivery of oxygen
- Emergency airway management
- Monitoring cardiac output
- Long-term venous access (correct)
What is the main purpose of a Swan-Ganz Catheter?
What is the main purpose of a Swan-Ganz Catheter?
Where is the tip of a Port-a-Cath typically placed?
Where is the tip of a Port-a-Cath typically placed?
What is the primary function of a Chest Tube?
What is the primary function of a Chest Tube?
Where is a pacemaker typically implanted?
Where is a pacemaker typically implanted?
What condition do pacemakers primarily treat?
What condition do pacemakers primarily treat?
What is the primary function of the ciliated cells lining the trachea?
What is the primary function of the ciliated cells lining the trachea?
At what level does the bifurcation of the trachea occur?
At what level does the bifurcation of the trachea occur?
Which bronchus is typically shorter, wider, and more vertical?
Which bronchus is typically shorter, wider, and more vertical?
How many Secondary Bronchi are found in the Left Lung?
How many Secondary Bronchi are found in the Left Lung?
What effect might bronchospasm have on the bronchioles?
What effect might bronchospasm have on the bronchioles?
What is a Bronchogram used to visualize?
What is a Bronchogram used to visualize?
Which anatomical structure are the Alveoli part of?
Which anatomical structure are the Alveoli part of?
What type of blood do Alveoli receive from the Pulmonary Arteries?
What type of blood do Alveoli receive from the Pulmonary Arteries?
What should be positioned at the center of the upright Bucky for a lateral projection?
What should be positioned at the center of the upright Bucky for a lateral projection?
When adjusting for hyposthenic and asthenic patients, where should the Bucky be moved?
When adjusting for hyposthenic and asthenic patients, where should the Bucky be moved?
What is crucial to include for all radiographic images concerning medicolegal aspects?
What is crucial to include for all radiographic images concerning medicolegal aspects?
What is the proper method to expose the image for a chest X-ray?
What is the proper method to expose the image for a chest X-ray?
For a PA projection of the chest, which anatomical structures should be included in the imaging?
For a PA projection of the chest, which anatomical structures should be included in the imaging?
What is a necessary adjustment to the AEC control panel for a lateral chest X-ray?
What is a necessary adjustment to the AEC control panel for a lateral chest X-ray?
What indicates that the chest X-ray exposure was made on full inspiration?
What indicates that the chest X-ray exposure was made on full inspiration?
Where should the left anatomic side marker be placed for a lateral projection?
Where should the left anatomic side marker be placed for a lateral projection?
What is the appropriate positioning of the Image Receptor for a PA Projection in most patients?
What is the appropriate positioning of the Image Receptor for a PA Projection in most patients?
When collimating the X-ray beam, what should be visible on either side of the patient?
When collimating the X-ray beam, what should be visible on either side of the patient?
How should the gonadal shielding be placed for effective protection?
How should the gonadal shielding be placed for effective protection?
What central ray adjustment is recommended for hypersthenic patients during a PA Projection?
What central ray adjustment is recommended for hypersthenic patients during a PA Projection?
What does the textbook recommend for centering the Central Ray based on the Vertebral Prominens?
What does the textbook recommend for centering the Central Ray based on the Vertebral Prominens?
What is the correct arrangement of the patient for the Left Lateral Projection?
What is the correct arrangement of the patient for the Left Lateral Projection?
What should be avoided to ensure proper positioning during the Lateral Projection?
What should be avoided to ensure proper positioning during the Lateral Projection?
During a Lateral Projection, where should the top of the Image Receptor be positioned?
During a Lateral Projection, where should the top of the Image Receptor be positioned?
What is the proper positioning of the patient’s arms during the left lateral decubitus X-ray?
What is the proper positioning of the patient’s arms during the left lateral decubitus X-ray?
Where should the top of the Image Receptor be positioned during the left lateral decubitus procedure?
Where should the top of the Image Receptor be positioned during the left lateral decubitus procedure?
What is the appropriate direction for the Central Ray during a left lateral decubitus X-ray?
What is the appropriate direction for the Central Ray during a left lateral decubitus X-ray?
Which of the following should be clearly visualized in an acceptable left lateral decubitus image?
Which of the following should be clearly visualized in an acceptable left lateral decubitus image?
What must you consider when adapting the exam for a patient unable to stand?
What must you consider when adapting the exam for a patient unable to stand?
How should the patient’s chin be positioned during the PA projection for a cart patient?
How should the patient’s chin be positioned during the PA projection for a cart patient?
For hypersthenic males being imaged, what should be done to ensure the entire lung field is captured?
For hypersthenic males being imaged, what should be done to ensure the entire lung field is captured?
What positioning should be avoided to ensure clear imaging of the lung fields?
What positioning should be avoided to ensure clear imaging of the lung fields?
Study Notes
Trachea and Main Stem Bronchi
- The Trachea is a fibrous, muscular tube reinforced by 16-20 C-shaped cartilage rings preventing collapse during inspiration.
- Lined with ciliated cells that help clear foreign particles and excess mucus toward the lungs.
- At the inferior margin is the Carina, a bony spur that bifurcates the trachea into the Right and Left Main Stem Bronchi at the T5 level.
- The Right Main Stem Bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the Left, making it more common for foreign bodies to lodge there.
Secondary Bronchi and Bronchioles
- Main Stem Bronchi branch into Secondary Bronchi supplying each lung lobe: 3 for the Right Lung and 2 for the Left Lung.
- Secondary Bronchi further divide into Bronchioles, which spread throughout the lungs and are visible as lung markings on chest images.
- Bronchioles' walls contain smooth muscle and can spasm, leading to asthma attacks.
Alveoli and Gas Exchange
- Bronchioles terminate in Terminal Bronchioles that connect to Alveoli, the primary site for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Alveoli receive deoxygenated blood from Pulmonary Arteries and consist of Alveolar Ducts and Sacs.
Radiographic Procedures
- A Bronchogram is a specialized imaging procedure that utilizes radiopaque contrast to visualize the bronchial tree.
- For PA projection, place the Image Receptor 1-2 inches above the shoulders to target approximately T7.
- Lateral projections involve positioning the patient’s left side against the bucky to minimize magnification of the heart.
Imaging Technique Adjustments
- Adjust image receptor location based on patient habitus:
- Hypersthenic: 1 inch higher for PA projections.
- Hyposthenic/Asthenic: Lower the Bucky 1 inch from PA projection.
- Ensure proper exposure and identification markings on all radiographic images.
Post Examination Procedures
- Patients should be instructed to wait in the designated area until image analysis is complete.
- Relevant data must be entered into the computer system, and the examination charged to the patient's account.
Line Placement for Medical Devices
- Correct positioning for common tubes and catheters is crucial:
- Endotracheal Tube should be 3-5 cm above the Carina to secure the airway.
- Central Venous Catheter (CVC) should lie within the Superior Vena Cava for accurate hemodynamic monitoring.
- PICC line tip should rest in the Superior Vena Cava or Axillary Vein for optimal long-term access.
- Swan-Ganz Catheter's tip should be approx. 2 cm from the Hilum in the pulmonary artery.
Chest Tubes and Pacemakers
- Chest tubes are flexible tubes inserted to remove air (pneumothorax), fluid (pleural effusion), blood (hemothorax), or pus (empyema) from the pleural space.
- Pacemakers are implanted devices that utilize electrical impulses to regulate the heart's rhythm in patients with cardiac conduction problems and are typically placed in the left anterior chest wall.
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Description
Explore the structure and function of the trachea in the respiratory system. This quiz covers important features including the cartilage rings, ciliated cells, and the carina. Test your knowledge on how the trachea contributes to effective breathing.
