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Questions and Answers
The entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body cells and the surrounding environment is known as
The entire sequence of events involved in the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body cells and the surrounding environment is known as
- Ventilation
- Ventilation and breathing
- Internal respiration
- Breathing
- External respiration (correct)
The respiratory quotient is
The respiratory quotient is
- The ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed (correct)
- The ratio of O2 consumed to CO2 produced
- Equal to 1.0 on a typical American diet
- The rate at which gases diffuse across the alveolar capillary membrane
- Respiratory rate times tidal volume
Which activity below is not a respiratory event?
Which activity below is not a respiratory event?
- Cells produce nitrogen by their metabolism (correct)
- Carbon dioxide is exchanged in the alveoli
- Gas exchange between tissues and the blood
- Pulmonary ventilation
- Oxygen is exchanged in the alveoli
Type I alveolar cells
Type I alveolar cells
In addition to gas exchange, the respiratory system plays a key role in
In addition to gas exchange, the respiratory system plays a key role in
Which of the following structures serves as a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems?
Which of the following structures serves as a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems?
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
During which of the following would the intrapleural pressure be greater than atmospheric pressure?
During which of the following would the intrapleural pressure be greater than atmospheric pressure?
The intrapulmonary pressure
The intrapulmonary pressure
The lungs are held against the thoracic wall due to
The lungs are held against the thoracic wall due to
A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the ____ pressure is less than the ____ pressure.
A transmural pressure gradient exists across the lung wall because the ____ pressure is less than the ____ pressure.
The inspiratory muscles include the
The inspiratory muscles include the
Under normal conditions, when _______ pressure becomes greater than _______ pressure, air will flow out of the lungs.
Under normal conditions, when _______ pressure becomes greater than _______ pressure, air will flow out of the lungs.
Which statement is incorrect?
Which statement is incorrect?
At the end of a normal expiration, when outward air flow has ceased,
At the end of a normal expiration, when outward air flow has ceased,
Flashcards
External Respiration
External Respiration
The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.
Respiratory Quotient
Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during metabolism.
Type I Alveolar Cells
Type I Alveolar Cells
Cells that form the walls of alveoli, responsible for gas exchange.
Respiratory System Functions
Respiratory System Functions
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Pharynx
Pharynx
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Intrapleural Pressure
Intrapleural Pressure
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Intrapulmonary Pressure
Intrapulmonary Pressure
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Inspiratory Muscles
Inspiratory Muscles
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Alveoli Function
Alveoli Function
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Intra-alveolar Pressure & Expiration
Intra-alveolar Pressure & Expiration
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Study Notes
- Gas Exchange: The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the body and the external environment.
- Internal Respiration: Involves gas exchange between blood and tissue cells.
- External Respiration: Involves gas exchange between the air and blood.
- Ventilation: The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs. This includes breathing.
- Respiratory System Components: The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli are crucial components for proper function.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Type I cells form the alveolar walls, and Type II cells secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension.
- Respiratory Quotient (RQ): The ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced to oxygen (O2) consumed during metabolism. A value around 1.0 indicates a balanced intake.
- Intrapleural Pressure: Pressure within the pleural cavity, maintained below atmospheric pressure to keep the lungs inflated.
- Intrapulmonary Pressure: Pressure inside the lungs. Changes in this pressure drive airflow.
- Boyle's Law: As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, the pressure inside the lungs decreases, resulting in inhalation. Conversely, decreased volume leads to increased pressure, causing exhalation.
- Gas Transport: Oxygen is primarily bound to hemoglobin and transported in the blood, while carbon dioxide is largely transported as bicarbonate ions.
- Other Functions: The respiratory system also plays roles in regulating acid-base balance, water and heat elimination, enhancing venous return, and body defense mechanisms.
- Breathing Mechanisms: Inhalation involves contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, expanding the thoracic cavity and reducing intrapulmonary pressure. Exhalation is generally passive, relying on elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall.
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