Respiratory System Regulation- Resp part 2

What is the main stimulus for ventilation in patients with severe lung disease?

What is the primary function of the central chemoreceptors?

What is the main mechanism by which the body compensates for respiratory acidosis in chronic lung disease?

What is the primary function of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

What is the main effect of opioid drugs on ventilation?

What is the relationship between intrapulmonary pressure and lung volume?

What type of airflow is predominant in the trachea and larger airways?

What is the normal range of intrapleural pressure?

What is the primary stimulus for central chemoreceptors?

How does respiratory acidosis affect pulmonary ventilation?

What causes respiratory alkalosis?

In respiratory alkalosis, what is the reaction that helps lower the pH back to normal?

Which condition may be compensated for by Kussmaul respirations?

What do central chemoreceptors monitor primarily?

How do central chemoreceptors respond to an increase in [H+]?

What part of the brain do central chemoreceptors primarily reside in?

What is the thickness of the membrane for gas exchange?

How many heme groups bind to oxygen in hemoglobin?

What percentage of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin for transport?

What compound is made by RBCs to adapt to conditions of hypoxemia?

What term describes the relationship between hemoglobin saturation and PO2?

How many chains make up adult Hgb?

Which areas require good perfusion according to ventilation-perfusion coupling?

Which of the following statements about increasing frequency while maintaining a constant volume is true?

Which of the following statements about increasing tidal volume while maintaining constant frequency is correct?

Which of the following is more effective in increasing alveolar ventilation (VA)?

Which of the following age-related changes is associated with decreased alveolar elasticity and lung compliance?

Which of the following conditions is an example of a restrictive disorder?

Which of the following factors determine the rate of diffusion of gases and gas exchange between blood and alveolus?

Which of the following statements about the composition of air is correct?

Which of the following is an example of an obstructive disorder?

In Zone I of the lung, where the alveolar pressure (Pa) is less than both the arterial pressure (Pa) and the venous pressure (Pv), what is the primary consequence?

What is the primary factor that causes the hysteresis observed in the pressure-volume curves of the lung?

In the context of lung mechanics, what is the primary significance of the Bernoulli effect?

Which of the following lung conditions would typically result in a characteristic flow-volume loop pattern on spirometry?

What is the primary determinant of chest wall compliance, which is the opposite of elasticity?

In Zone III of the lung, where the alveolar pressure (Pa) exceeds both the arterial pressure (Pa) and the venous pressure (Pv), what is the primary consequence?

What is the definition of functional residual capacity (FRC) in the context of lung volumes and capacities?

What is the primary factor that determines the elastic properties of the lungs during the respiratory cycle?

The fetal hemoglobin Ɣ chains replace β chains - Ɣ chains are neutral (0 charge) and don’t bind 2,3-BPG, shifting the dissociation curve to the ____

In carbon dioxide transport, 70% is carried as carbonic acid, 23% as carbaminohemoglobin, and 7% is in the form of dissolved ____

At tissues, for CO2 loading, carbonic anhydrase in RBC catalyzes CO2 + H2O to form H2CO3 which then dissociates into HCO3- and ____

At tissues, for O2 unloading, H+ binding to HbO2 decreases its affinity for O2, resulting in Hb arriving 97% saturated and leaving ____% saturated, demonstrating venous ____

At tissues, the chloride shift facilitates the exchange of HCO3- for ____ to keep the CO2 loading reaction proceeding

Carbon dioxide unloading at the lung involves the reverse chloride shift, where HCO3- diffuses back into RBC in exchange for ____

During gas exchange at the lung, CO2 unloading occurs as Hb loads O2, decreasing its affinity for H+ which then dissociates from Hb and binds with ____

At the lung, the reverse of systemic gas exchange occurs for CO2 unloading, where HCO3- diffuses back into RBC in exchange for ____

Alveolar gas exchange involves the diffusion of CO2 out of the alveolus to be ____, as O2 loads onto hemoglobin

Some non-respiratory functions of the lungs include the extraction/metabolism of hormones & drugs such as amines, peptides, arachadonic acid derivatives, purine derivatives, some local anesthetics, and certain ____

Explain the impact of increasing tidal volume while maintaining constant frequency on dead space and alveolar ventilation.

Describe the effects of restrictive disorders on compliance and vital capacity.

What is the primary consequence in Zone III of the lung where the alveolar pressure exceeds both the arterial and venous pressure?

Explain the gas exchange process in terms of partial pressures at the alveolus and pulmonary artery.

What is the primary function of the central chemoreceptors in the context of respiratory control?

How do obstructive disorders affect airflow and expiration?

Explain the impact of age-related changes on alveolar elasticity and lung compliance.

Describe the gas exchange process in terms of diffusion rates and gas exchange between blood and alveolus.

What is the primary factor that determines the rate at which gas exchange occurs between blood and alveolus?

Explain the relationship between increasing tidal volume and alveolar ventilation compared to increasing frequency.

Match the following gas exchange processes with their respective locations: CO2 loading, O2 unloading

Match the following gas transport percentages with their corresponding forms: 70% carbonic acid, 23% carbaminohemoglobin

Match the following non-respiratory functions with their associated hormones/drugs: Amines, Arachadonic Acid derivatives

Match the following features of fetal hemoglobin with their consequences: Neutral (0 charge), Doesn't bind 2,3-BPG

Match the following gas exchange processes with their mechanisms: CO2 unloading, O2 loading