Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What structures are included in the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

  • Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
  • Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and trachea (correct)
  • Alveoli and capillaries only
  • Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

    • Which of the following is NOT a major function of the respiratory system?

  • To produce sound through phonation
  • To transport nutrients throughout the body (correct)
  • To supply the body with oxygen
  • To dispose of carbon dioxide

    • What is the primary role of respiratory mucosa within the nasal cavity?

  • To secrete mucus that destroys bacteria (correct)
  • To filter large particles from exhaled air
  • To facilitate gas exchange between air and blood
  • To provide structural support to the nose

    • Which respiratory muscles are primarily responsible for ventilation?

    <p>Diaphragm and other ancillary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option describes the sites of gas exchange in the respiratory zone?

    <p>Bronchioles and alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of pulmonary ventilation primarily involves what action?

    <p>Movement of air into and out of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key function of the nose in the respiratory system?

    <p>Cleaning inspired air of foreign matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is most directly involved in the exchange of gases?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the true vocal cords?

    <p>To produce sound through vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes false vocal cords?

    <p>They are superior to true vocal cords and do not play a role in sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the trachea characterized by?

    <p>C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the air as it enters the bronchi?

    <p>It is warmed and cleansed of impurities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the structural changes in bronchi affect the airways as they branch?

    <p>Cartilage support decreases while smooth muscle increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic applies to bronchioles?

    <p>They have a complete layer of circular smooth muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

    <p>The presence of alveoli and associated structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>They provide extensive surface area for gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the bronchial tree is true?

    <p>The structure of bronchi resembles that of the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a feature of the mucosa in the trachea?

    <p>It is composed of dense connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nasopharynx?

    <p>To strictly serve as an air passageway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure lies posterior to the larynx and serves as a common passageway for both air and food?

    <p>Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position of the oropharynx?

    <p>Between the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage forms the laryngeal prominence, commonly known as the Adam’s apple?

    <p>Thyroid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, which structure closes the laryngeal inlet to prevent food from entering the trachea?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what cervical vertebra level does the pharynx extend to?

    <p>Sixth cervical vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the pharynx contains the palatine and lingual tonsils?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial lining is found in the oropharynx?

    <p>Protective stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the larynx?

    <p>Pharyngeal tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pharyngotympanic tubes in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Equalize pressure in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the structure of the right lung?

    <p>It is divided into three lobes by oblique and horizontal fissures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the parietal pleura play in the thoracic cavity?

    <p>It covers the thoracic wall and diaphragm's superior face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of breathing does air flow into the lungs?

    <p>Inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary division of the thoracic cavity created by the visceral pleura?

    <p>The central mediastinum and two lateral compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is specifically associated with the left lung?

    <p>A cardiac notch for heart accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly differentiates expiration from inspiration?

    <p>Expiration is the phase where gases exit the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the left lung have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is unique to the right lung compared to the left lung?

    <p>Separation by a horizontal fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pleurae in the thoracic cavity?

    <p>To support lung structures and facilitate breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of lung anatomy, which description is accurate?

    <p>The right lung has more lobes than the left lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conducting zone is responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity?

    <p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngopharynx serves only as a passageway for air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one component of the respiratory zone.

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system.

    <p>nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three regions of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the respiratory processes with their functions:

    <p>Pulmonary ventilation = Moving air into and out of the lungs External respiration = Gas exchange between the lungs and blood Transport = Transport of gases between lungs and tissues Internal respiration = Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ cartilage is known for its shield shape and is called the Adam’s apple.

    <p>thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for ventilation?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each part of the pharynx with its main function:

    <p>Nasopharynx = Air passageway Oropharynx = Common passageway for food and air Laryngopharynx = Divergence of respiratory and digestive pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is lined with mucosa that secretes mucus containing enzymes to destroy bacteria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what cervical vertebra level does the pharynx extend down to?

    <p>Sixth cervical vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of moistened air entering the respiratory system?

    <p>To protect the respiratory tract and facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharyngotympanic tubes open into the nasopharynx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial lining is found in the oropharynx?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of gas exchange in the lungs is referred to as _____ respiration.

    <p>external</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs within the respiratory zone?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larynx opens into the ___ and is continuous with the trachea posteriorly.

    <p>laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for covering the laryngeal inlet during swallowing?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the cavity that accommodates the heart in the left lung?

    <p>Cardiac notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right lung is divided into two lobes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Inspiration and expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ pleura covers the external surface of the lungs.

    <p>visceral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the lung with their descriptions:

    <p>Left lung = Separated into upper and lower lobes Right lung = Divided into three lobes Parietal pleura = Covers the thoracic wall Visceral pleura = Covers the external lung surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the lobes of the right lung?

    <p>Oblique fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pleurae are a single-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central space in the thoracic cavity called?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inspiration leads to a decrease in _____ pressure within the thoracic cavity, causing air to flow into the lungs.

    <p>intrathoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the true vocal cords?

    <p>They vibrate to produce sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pleura continues around the heart and between the lungs?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The false vocal cords play a significant role in sound production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medial opening between the true vocal cords called?

    <p>glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings made of _______.

    <p>hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their characteristics:

    <p>Trachea = C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage Bronchi = Tissue walls mimic the trachea Bronchioles = Complete layer of circular smooth muscle Alveoli = Primary sites for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the primary function of bronchi?

    <p>Transporting warm and cleansed air to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conducting zone includes structures where gas exchange occurs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many orders of branching occur in the lungs from the bronchi?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structural changes in the bronchi include a decrease in _______ and an increase in _______.

    <p>cartilage support, smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of bronchioles?

    <p>They have a complete layer of circular smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Respiratory System

    • Consists of respiratory and conducting zones
    • Respiratory zone is the site of gas exchange
    • Respiratory zone contains bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
    • Conducting zone includes structures like nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and trachea
    • Respiratory muscles (e.g., diaphragm) promote ventilation

    Major Functions of the Respiratory System

    • Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide
    • Respiration involves four processes:
      • Pulmonary ventilation (moving air in and out of lungs)
      • External respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood)
      • Transport (oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues)
      • Internal respiration (gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues)

    Function of the Nose

    • The only externally visible part of the respiratory system
    • Functions to:
      • Provide an airway for respiration
      • Moisten and warm the entering air
      • Filter inspired air and clean foreign matter
      • House olfactory receptors

    Nasal Cavity

    • Respiratory mucosa lines the nasal cavity
    • Glands secrete mucus containing lysozyme to destroy bacteria

    Pharynx

    • Funnel-shaped tube of skeletal muscle, connecting to the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly, and the larynx and esophagus inferiorly
    • Extends from the base of the skull to the sixth cervical vertebra
    • Divided into three regions:
      • Nasopharynx
      • Oropharynx
      • Laryngopharynx

    Nasopharynx

    • Lies posterior to the nasal cavity, inferior to the sphenoid, and superior to the soft palate
    • Strictly an air passageway; closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity
    • Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tubes open into the lateral walls
    • Pharyngeal tonsil lies high on the posterior wall

    Oropharynx

    • Extends inferiorly from the soft palate to the epiglottis
    • Serves as a common passageway for food and air
    • The epithelial lining is protective stratified squamous epithelium
    • Palatine tonsils present
    • Lingual tonsils present

    Laryngopharynx

    • Serves as a common passageway for food and air
    • Lies posterior to the upright epiglottis
    • Extends to the larynx where the respiratory and digestive pathways diverge

    Larynx (Voice Box)

    • Attaches to the hyoid bone and opens into the laryngopharynx superiorly
    • Continuous with the trachea posteriorly

    Framework of the Larynx

    • Cartilages of the larynx:
      • Shield-shaped thyroid cartilage (with midline laryngeal prominence, "Adam's apple")
      • Signet ring-shaped cricoid cartilage
      • Epiglottis (elastic cartilage that covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing)

    Vocal Ligaments

    • Composed of elastic fibers forming mucosal folds (true vocal cords)
    • Medial opening between them is the glottis
    • Vibrate to produce sound as air rushes from lungs
    • False vocal cords are mucosal folds superior to true vocal cords; have no role in sound production

    Trachea

    • Mucosa is made up of goblet cells and ciliated epithelium
    • Submucosa is connective tissue deep to the mucosa
    • Adventitia is the outermost layer made of C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

    Conducting Zone: Bronchi

    • Air reaching the bronchi is warm, cleansed of impurities, and saturated with water vapor
    • Bronchi subdivide into secondary bronchi that each supply a lobe of the lungs
    • Air passages undergo 23 orders of branching in the lungs

    Conducting Zone: Bronchial Tree

    • Tissue walls of bronchi mimic those of the trachea
    • As conducting tubes get smaller, structural changes occur:
      • Cartilage support structures change
      • Amount of smooth muscle increases

    Bronchioles

    • Have a complete layer of circular smooth muscle
    • Lack cartilage support and mucus-producing cells

    Respiratory Zone

    • Defined by the presence of alveoli
    • Begins as terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles
    • Respiratory bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts and terminate in clusters of alveolar sacs composed of alveoli
    • Approximately 300 million alveoli provide tremendous surface area for gas exchange

    Respiratory Membrane

    • Composed of a thin layer of fused basal laminae of the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

    Lungs

    • Cardiac notch accommodates the heart
    • Left lung is separated into upper and lower lobes by the oblique fissure
    • Right lung is separated into three lobes by oblique and horizontal fissures

    Pleurae

    • Thin, double-layered serosa
    • Parietal pleura covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the diaphragm, continues around heart and between lungs
    • Visceral pleura covers the external lung surface
    • Divide thoracic cavity into 3 chambers (central mediastinum and two lateral compartments containing lungs)

    Breathing/Pulmonary Ventilation

    • Consists of two phases:
      • Inspiration (air flows into lungs)
      • Expiration (gases exit lungs)

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    Respiratory System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the respiratory system. This quiz covers various topics, including the conducting and respiratory zones, gas exchange processes, and the roles of different respiratory muscles and mucosa. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.

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