Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key difference between the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus?

  • The right main bronchus is wider and shorter than the left main bronchus. (correct)
  • The right main bronchus is longer than the left main bronchus.
  • The left main bronchus is more vertical than the right main bronchus.
  • The left main bronchus branches into three lobar bronchi.

How many lobar bronchi does the right main bronchus divide into?

  • Three (correct)
  • Five
  • Two
  • Four

What is the primary function of the alveoli?

  • To store oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • To facilitate gas exchange. (correct)
  • To transport air to the trachea.
  • To produce mucus for the respiratory tract.

What is the approximate number of alveoli in each lung?

<p>150 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pleurae' refer to in the context of the lungs?

<p>The elastic membrane surrounding the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three conchae present in the nasal cavity?

<p>Middle, Inferior, Superior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the pharynx is responsible for air passage and contains the uvula?

<p>Nasopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as a dividing point in the passageway from the base of the skull?

<p>Fauces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'nasal fossae' refer to?

<p>The spaces to the right and left of the nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

<p>It relaxes and bulges up. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the release of energy from glucose in cells?

<p>Aerobic respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, the rib cage movement is characterized by what?

<p>Ribs moving up and out. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lung volume during exhalation?

<p>Lung volume decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the respiratory system?

<p>Heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is primarily exchanged at the alveoli?

<p>Oxygen (B), Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are capillaries important in the alveoli?

<p>They enable gas exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines breathing?

<p>Inhaling and exhaling air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many breaths does a person take in a lifetime if they live to be 80?

<p>672,768,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average breathing rate of a person in breaths per minute?

<p>16 breaths/minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in carrying air between the lungs and the body exterior?

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major muscles are involved in the process of respiration?

<p>Diaphragm and intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves passing oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out?

<p>Respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bronchi in the respiratory system?

<p>Carry air to the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is primarily responsible for voice production?

<p>Larynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?

<p>Acts as a pump for air movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the visceral pleura?

<p>To prevent friction of the lungs against the rib cage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contracts and flattens to allow for chest cavity expansion during inhalation?

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mucus in the respiratory system?

<p>Cleaning, warming, and moistening air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure directs air from the pharynx to the bronchi?

<p>Trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, which of the following occurs?

<p>The size of the chest cavity increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the epiglottis serve in the respiratory system?

<p>Controlling entry of air into the windpipe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

<p>Alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lung pressure during inhalation?

<p>It falls, causing air to rush in (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is NOT a feature of the lower respiratory tract?

<p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachealis muscle?

<p>To prevent the collapse of the trachea during exhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of alveoli?

<p>They are lined with ciliated columnar epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the positioning of the trachea in relation to other structures?

<p>The trachea is located anterior to the esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?

<p>To trap and remove foreign particles from the airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the pharynx permits the passage of both food and air?

<p>The laryngopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the primary bronchi and the bronchioles?

<p>Primary bronchi contain cartilage, while bronchioles do not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

<p>Intrinsic muscles are found inside the larynx, while extrinsic muscles are found outside the larynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiration

The process of breathing in and out, involving the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Lungs

The main organ in the respiratory system responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Diaphragm

A muscular sheet that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and plays a crucial role in breathing.

Intercostal muscles

Muscles between the ribs that help expand and contract the chest cavity, aiding in breathing.

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Trachea

The airway that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs.

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Bronchi and bronchioles

A series of branching tubes in the lungs that carry air to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

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Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

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Pharynx

The passage at the back of the throat that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx, part of the respiratory system.

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Nasal Conchae

Three bony projections located inside the nasal cavity that increase the surface area for air filtration and warming.

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Nasal Septum

The vertical wall that divides the nasal cavity into two halves.

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Nasal Fossae

The space within the nasal cavity between the nasal septum and the conchae.

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Nasopharynx

The part of the pharynx located behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate.

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Oropharynx

The part of the pharynx located behind the oral cavity, between the soft palate and the epiglottis.

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Laryngopharynx

The lowermost part of the pharynx, allowing air, food, and fluid passage.

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Glottis

The open space in the larynx, guarded by the epiglottis.

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Epiglottis

Flap of tissue that protects the glottis, directing food and drink down the esophagus.

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Thyroid Cartilage

The most prominent cartilage of the larynx, forms Adam's apple.

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Vocal Cords

Vibrating structures within the larynx responsible for sound production.

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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles that move the laryngeal cartilages, controlling vocal cord tension.

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What is the trachea's function?

The trachea is the airway that connects the larynx to the lungs. It's also known as the windpipe.

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What is the difference between the left and right main bronchi?

The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left main bronchus, allowing for easier passage of air. This leads to the right lung getting more air than the left lung.

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What is the role of the ciliated epithelium in the respiratory system?

The ciliated epithelium lining the trachea and bronchi is constantly moving to sweep mucus and foreign particles upwards, preventing debris from entering the lungs.

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What is the primary function of alveoli?

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the blood.

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Describe the structure of the lungs.

The lungs are cone-shaped and elastic organs located inside the rib cage. They are made up of lobes, with the right lung having three and the left having two.

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Visceral pleura

The inner layer of pleura that covers the surface of the lung.

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Pleural space

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura containing a thin layer of fluid that reduces friction during breathing.

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Parietal pleura

The outer layer of pleura that lines the inner surface of the chest cavity.

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Inhalation

The process of drawing air into the lungs.

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Exhalation

The process of releasing air from the lungs.

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How air enters the lungs

The pressure inside the lungs decreases during inhalation, causing air to rush in through the nose or mouth.

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Breathing

The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

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What is the role of the Diaphragm in breathing?

The muscular sheet that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen, it flattens during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation, changing the volume of the chest cavity.

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What are intercostal muscles and their role in breathing?

The muscles between the ribs that contract during inhalation, expanding the chest cavity and relax during exhalation, helping to move the ribs.

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What are alveoli and their role in breathing?

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are covered by capillaries, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave.

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What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

The process of releasing energy from glucose using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

  • The human body requires a constant supply of oxygen to function.
  • The respiratory system provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
  • The average person breathes approximately 960 times per hour.

Learning Objectives

  • Identify the anatomical structure of the respiratory system.
  • Explain the functions of each structure.
  • Explain the breathing mechanisms.
  • Define gas exchange during breathing.
  • Identify the composition of inhaled and exhaled air.
  • Explain lung capacity and breathing measurements.

Major Parts of the Respiratory System

  • Airway: Includes nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It carries air between the lungs and the body's exterior.
  • Lungs: These are the primary functional units. They transfer oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
  • Muscles of Respiration: Including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, work together to act as a pump that moves air into and out of the lungs.

Anatomy of Upper Respiratory Tract

  • Nasal Cavity: A large, air-filled space, filters and warms inhaled air.
  • Oral Cavity: Provides an alternative passage for air to enter the system.
  • Pharynx: (Throat) is a common passageway for air and food and drink. Also has three regions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx.
  • Larynx: Commonly called the voice box; it protects the vocal cords.

Anatomy of Lower Respiratory Tract

  • Trachea: (Windpipe) carries air from pharynx to the lungs. Supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings. It's lined with ciliated columnar epithelium (mucociliary escalator).
  • Primary Bronchi: Two tubes that carry air into the lungs. The right is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left.
  • Secondary Bronchi: Three on the right lung and two on the left. Further branching into tertiary (bronchioles).
  • Tertiary Bronchi: (Bronchioles) Branch until becoming smaller tubes and finally alveoli.

Alveoli

  • Microscopic air sacs within the lungs.
  • Gas exchange occurs here.
  • The lungs contain about 150 million alveoli; multiple alveoli share a common alveolar duct.
  • Surrounded by a fine network of capillaries which help oxygen exchange.

Lungs

  • Cone-shaped, elastic organs.
  • The right lung has three lobes; the left lung has two, making the left lung longer.
  • Inside the ribcage.
  • The lung structure makes the maximum surface area possible for gas exchange.

Pleura

  • Thin membrane sacs surrounding the lungs composed of two layers: parietal pleura (outer layer) and visceral pleura (inner layer).
  • The pleura produces fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

Thoracic Cavity Structure

  • The chest cavity has a wall (ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae), connective tissue, and intercostal muscles.
  • Surrounds and supports the lungs.

Breathing Mechanisms

  • Inhalation: Intercostal muscles contract pulling chest walls up and out. The diaphragm contracts and flattens. The lungs expand, pressure inside the lungs decreases so air rushes in.
  • Exhalation: Intercostal Muscles relax, chest walls move in and down. The diaphragm relaxes, bulges up, reducing chest size, so pressure increases inside the lungs, forcing air out.

Gas Exchange

  • The respiratory surface is made up of alveoli and capillary walls.
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are diffused across the membrane.

Oxygen Transport

  • Hemoglobin binds oxygen and carries it through the blood to tissues.
  • Hemoglobin is an advantage because it carries large amounts of oxygen at high efficiencies.

Carbon Dioxide Transport

  • Carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma and forms bicarbonate ions.
  • Some carbon dioxide also binds to hemoglobin, and is transported through the blood to lungs for excretion.

Measuring Breathing

  • Tidal Volume (TV): The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath.
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal breath.
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal breath.
  • Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.
  • Residual Volume (RV): The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.
  • Minute Volume: The volume of air breathed in one minute.
  • Respiratory Rate: The number of breaths taken per minute.
  • Total Lung Capacity (TLC): The total volume.

Control of Respiration

  • The medulla oblongata (in the brain) controls the basic rhythm of breathing.
  • The pons has centers (apneustic and pneumotaxic) that modify the rate and depth.

Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled Air

  • Inhaled air contains 21% oxygen, a small amount of carbon dioxide, 79% nitrogen, and small amount of water vapor.
  • Exhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.

Summary

  • The respiratory system is a complex system essential for survival.
  • It works via specific processes of transportations and exchange.
  • The system contains various parts designed to ensure efficient gas exchange and transport of gases to/from the body's cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with this quiz. It covers topics like bronchial structure, alveoli function, and the anatomy of the nasal cavity. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.

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