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The respiratory system is divided into two main subdivisions: upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
True
The nostril is the preferred route for air intake as it warms, cleans, and humidifies the air.
True
Sinuses are air cavities within the skull that are continuous with the nasal cavity.
True
The pharynx is part of the lower respiratory tract.
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The trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract.
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The bronchi are part of the lower respiratory tract.
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The alveoli are the site of gas exchange with blood.
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The right lung has two lobes.
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The rib cage functions to protect the lungs from external trauma.
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The manubrium forms the upper part of the front of the rib cage.
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The muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the rib cage.
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The negative pull of the intrathoracic pressure pulls the soft compliant lung tissue inward.
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The volume of intra-alveolar space increases on a fixed volume of air.
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There is an increase in the negativity of the intra-alveolar pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
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Air flows from the lungs into the atmosphere during inspiration at rest.
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The rib cage returns to resting position during expiration at rest.
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The volume of intra-alveolar space decreases on a fixed volume of air during expiration at rest.
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The process of expiration at rest is passive with no active muscular contraction.
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The diaphragm descends and flattens increasing vertical chest diameter during quiet inhalation.
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The muscles of accessory expiration are activated along with the forces active during the baseline respiratory cycle.
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True or false: Rib pairs 1 to 7 are true ribs, attached directly to the sternum by costal cartilages?
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True or false: Rib pairs 11 & 12 are floating ribs with no direct or indirect connection to the sternum?
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True or false: Positive pressures are lower than atmospheric pressures?
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True or false: Boyle’s law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies directly with pressure?
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True or false: The layer touching the lung tissue is named the visceral pleura?
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True or false: The space between the two layers of the pleural sac is called the pleural cavity?
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True or false: In healthy individuals, the pleural cavity has no air and is minimal in volume?
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True or false: The rib cage is structurally rigid and attains a fixed position?
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True or false: The lung tissue has a natural passive tendency to expand and compress with respiratory movement?
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True or false: The physiological process of air flow into and out of the respiratory system is called the respiratory cycle?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The respiratory system is divided into two main subdivisions: upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
Upper Respiratory Tract
- Nostrils are the preferred route for air intake, as they warm, clean, and humidify the air.
- Sinuses are air cavities within the skull that are continuous with the nasal cavity.
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Pharynx is part of the lower respiratory tract.
- Trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract.
- Bronchi are part of the lower respiratory tract.
- Alveoli are the site of gas exchange with blood.
Lungs and Rib Cage
- The right lung has two lobes.
- The rib cage functions to protect the lungs from external trauma.
- The manubrium forms the upper part of the front of the rib cage.
Breathing Mechanism
- Muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the rib cage.
- Negative pull of the intrathoracic pressure pulls the soft compliant lung tissue inward.
- Volume of intra-alveolar space increases on a fixed volume of air during inspiration at rest.
- Intra-alveolar pressure becomes more negative relative to atmospheric pressure during inspiration at rest.
- Air flows from the lungs into the atmosphere during inspiration at rest.
- Rib cage returns to resting position during expiration at rest.
- Volume of intra-alveolar space decreases on a fixed volume of air during expiration at rest.
- Expiration at rest is a passive process with no active muscular contraction.
Diaphragm and Accessory Muscles
- The diaphragm descends and flattens, increasing vertical chest diameter during quiet inhalation.
- Muscles of accessory expiration are activated along with the forces active during the baseline respiratory cycle.
Ribcage and Respiratory Facts
- Rib pairs 1 to 7 are true ribs, attached directly to the sternum by costal cartilages.
- Rib pairs 11 & 12 are floating ribs with no direct or indirect connection to the sternum.
- Positive pressures are not lower than atmospheric pressures.
- Boyle’s law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.
Pleura and Pleural Cavity
- The layer touching the lung tissue is named the visceral pleura.
- The space between the two layers of the pleural sac is called the pleural cavity.
- In healthy individuals, the pleural cavity has no air and is minimal in volume.
- The rib cage is not structurally rigid and does not attain a fixed position.
- Lung tissue has a natural passive tendency to compress and expand with respiratory movement.
- The physiological process of air flow into and out of the respiratory system is called the respiratory cycle.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of respiration in this quiz. Learn about the upper and lower respiratory tracts and how they function in warming, cleaning, and humidifying the air we breathe.
