Respiratory System Pressure Dynamics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During expiration, the air you exhale first comes from the:

  • Alveoli
  • Anatomical dead space (correct)
  • Primary bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi

    • In a mixed air situation during expiration, the highest PO2 is found in:

  • Mixed expiration air
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Alveolar air (correct)
  • Arterial blood

    • According to the respiratory system basics provided, which generation of the respiratory tree is the trachea?

  • Generation #0 (correct)
  • Generation #2
  • Generation #3
  • Generation #1

    • What does PDS stand for in the context of the respiratory system?

    <p>Primary Dead Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If WV=0 in the respiratory system equation provided, what does PDS equal to?

    <p>ADS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the PDS compared to the ADS when WV in the respiratory system equation is greater than 0?

    <p>$PDS &gt; ADS$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation in the respiratory system is the main site for gas exchange?

    <p>Generation #23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives support to generations #0 to #10 in the respiratory system?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell occupies 95% of the alveolus and is essential for gas exchange?

    <p>Type 1 alveolar cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Type 2 alveolar cells in the alveolus?

    <p>Secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the alveoli?

    <p>Clean the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone of the respiratory system would you find generations #0 to #16?

    <p>Conductive zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the amount of fluid in the interstitial space increases?

    <p>Edema occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is resistance (R) related to the cross-sectional area (A) of respiratory structures?

    <p>R is inversely proportional to A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force needed to overcome resistance (R)?

    <p>Pressure difference (∆P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is the opposite of resistance (R)?

    <p>Permeability (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between airway resistance and pressure difference?

    <p>Airway resistance is indirectly measured through pressure difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physiologically, what value does airway resistance typically have?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is airway resistance considered small and negligible?

    <p>Because a significant pressure difference is needed to overcome airway resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is vascular resistance significantly higher than airway resistance?

    <p>Because of the difference in cross-sectional areas between airways and blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is most airway resistance realized in large divisions?

    <p>Because of the NET cross-sectional area differences between large and small airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines reversibility in asthma after using a bronchodilator?

    <p>An increase in FEV1 of 12% or 200 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are spirometry measurements typically done in relation to administering a bronchodilator?

    <p>Before and after the administration of the bronchodilator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In severe asthma cases, what may be needed before demonstrating reversibility?

    <p>Oral steroid therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and expiration in a mixed air situation?

    <p>PO2 is highest in the alveolar air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of anatomical dead space (ADS) in the respiratory system equation provided?

    <p>To ensure that PDS is never less than ADS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which generation of the respiratory tree would you find the primary bronchi?

    <p>Generation #1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the anatomical dead space (ADS) equal to when there is no dead space in the system (WV=0)?

    <p>ADS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is composed of 23 generations/divisions/branches?

    <p>Respiratory tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mixed air expiration partial pressures of CO2 when compared to O2?

    <p>CO2 partial pressures are higher than O2 partial pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the anatomical dead space in terms of air volume during expiration?

    <p>$150$ ml followed by $350$ ml from alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does gas exchange primarily occur within the respiratory system?

    <p>$0^{th}$ generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Type 2 alveolar cells in the alveolus?

    <p>Secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of the respiratory tree has cartilage providing support?

    <p>Generation #7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the alveolus mentioned in the text?

    <p>300 micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which zone of the respiratory system are generations #17 to #23 located?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do generations #11 to #23 need to be supported by smooth muscles?

    <p>To prevent collapse and maintain airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alveolar macrophages in the alveoli mentioned in the text?

    <p>Clean the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are generations #0 to #16 located in the conductive zone of the respiratory system?

    <p>No gas exchange occurs here</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is airway resistance considered small and negligible?

    <p>Due to the high cross-sectional area in large airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thickness of the respiratory membrane if the amount of fluid in the interstitial space increases?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining factor leading to higher resistance in large airways?

    <p>Low cross-sectional area in large airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is airway resistance measured indirectly according to the text?

    <p>By measuring pressure difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between airway resistance and permeability (K) according to the text?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines reversibility in asthma after using a bronchodilator?

    <p>An increase in FEV1 by 12% or 200 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept is considered the opposite of airway resistance?

    <p>Permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients with severe asthma sometimes require oral steroid therapy before demonstrating reversibility?

    <p>To reduce inflammation in the airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory component is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high resistance (R) in the respiratory system necessitate according to the text?

    <p>Higher pressure difference (∆P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological characteristic do airway resistance typically exhibit?

    <p>Higher resistance in smaller generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does airway resistance affect the flow in the respiratory system equation provided?

    <p>Decreases flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of airway resistance, why is the flow rate particularly low in bronchioles?

    <p>Due to large cross-sectional area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to express airway resistance indirectly due to measurement challenges?

    <p>Pressure drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does permeability (K) play in maintaining a constant flow in the respiratory system according to the text?

    <p>Requires less pressure difference to maintain flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to most of the airway resistance being realized in large divisions?

    <p>The net cross-sectional area being greater in smaller generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between airway resistance and permeability according to the text?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is measuring airway resistance considered challenging in the text?

    <p>It's a vague concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the resistance of respiratory structures indirectly in the text?

    <p>Cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the amount of fluid in the interstitial space affect the thickness of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable inversely affects the diffusion of oxygen in the respiratory system?

    <p>Permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force needed to overcome resistance in the provided respiratory system equation?

    <p>$\Delta P$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Type 1 alveolar cells in the alveolus?

    <p>Thin squamous for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are generations #11 to #23 considered collapsible structures?

    <p>Supported by smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Reduce surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the alveolus as mentioned in the text?

    <p>300 micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells occupy approximately 5% of the alveolus and secrete surfactant?

    <p>Type 2 alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are generations #17 to #23 located within the respiratory system?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During expiration in a mixed air situation, where is the partial pressure of CO2 the highest?

    <p>Mixed expiration air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the respiratory tree, which generation provides the primary site for gas exchange?

    <p>Generation #23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest PO2 found in during mixed air expiration?

    <p>Alveolar air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is composed of 23 generations/divisions/branches?

    <p>Respiratory tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Type 2 alveolar cells play in the alveolus?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the amount of fluid in the interstitial space increases?

    <p>Thicker respiratory membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is airway resistance typically considered small and negligible?

    <p>Due to the large cross-sectional area in small airway generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines reversibility in asthma after using a bronchodilator according to the text?

    <p>FEV1 increase of 12% or 200 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to most of the airway resistance being realized in large divisions?

    <p>Greater cross-sectional area in small airway generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is reversibility in asthma characterized for patients with severe asthma?

    <p>Needing a short course of oral steroid therapy before demonstrating reversibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the NET cross-sectional area influence airway resistance?

    <p>It elevates airway resistance in small airway generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the support for generations #11 to #23 in the respiratory system?

    <p>Smooth muscles supporting these generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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