Respiratory System Overview
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Respiratory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cervical spine?

  • To support the weight of the head and allow head movement (correct)
  • To protect the heart and lungs
  • To form the posterior wall of the pelvis
  • To provide stability and support for the body

    • The lumbar spine consists of four vertebrae.

    False

    What structure does the thoracic spine articulate with?

    Ribs

    The sacral spine consists of _____ fused vertebrae.

    <p>five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following spinal segments with their characteristics:

    <p>Cervical spine = Supports the head and allows motion Thoracic spine = Articulates with the ribs Lumbar spine = Largest and strongest vertebrae Sacral spine = Forms posterior wall of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spine is known to provide attachment for muscles and ligaments?

    <p>Coccygeal spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lumbar vertebrae are smaller than cervical vertebrae.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ligaments?

    <p>Fibrous straps that hold bones together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a muscle is usually attached to the bone via tendons?

    <p>Insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The agonist muscle is the one that relaxes during movement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle fibres are suited for sustained, low-intensity efforts?

    <p>Slow Twitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___________ muscle is responsible for relaxing during movement.

    <p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscle contractions with their characteristics:

    <p>Isometric = No change in muscle length Isotonic Concentric = Muscle shortens while contracting Isotonic Eccentric = Muscle lengthens while contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is associated with fast twitch fibres?

    <p>Fatigue rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extensibility refers to the ability of the muscle to respond to a stimulus from the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the agonist muscle during a movement?

    <p>Causes movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle fibres that are quick and powerful are categorized as ___________ twitch fibres.

    <p>Fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle contracts during the action of kicking a soccer ball?

    <p>Quadricep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence the Glycemic Index (GI) of a food?

    <p>Cooking methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Energy intake is the amount of energy used during exercise.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major nutrients found in food?

    <p>Carbohydrates, fats, and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy content of food is measured in __________.

    <p>kilojoules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fuel for exercise of moderate to high intensity?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following nutrients with their primary function:

    <p>Carbohydrates = Energy source Fats = Energy storage Protein = Tissue repair Vitamins = Micronutrient support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A higher energy intake than energy expenditure results in weight loss.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of sugar can carbohydrates be broken down into for use by the body?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy source for activities lasting more than a few minutes?

    <p>Aerobic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glycolytic system can operate effectively without oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the glycolytic system?

    <p>lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary energy source for activities like _____ is the aerobic system.

    <p>marathon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the activity to its primary energy system:

    <p>400m sprint = Lactic system Weight lifting = Lactic system Jogging = Aerobic system Triathlon = Aerobic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy system is least efficient in ATP production?

    <p>Glycolytic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatigue during intense exercise is primarily caused by the accumulation of lactic acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body transition between energy systems during physical activities?

    <p>Continuous interplay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is made of smooth muscle to allow flexible movement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle contracts to draw air into the lungs?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:

    <p>Cilia = Helps keep airways clean Larynx = Prevents choking Pharynx = Links the respiratory and digestive systems Bronchioles = Connects bronchi to alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory system protects the lungs?

    <p>Ribcage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon dioxide is essential for cell function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bronchi?

    <p>To carry air from the trachea to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When we inhale, the diaphragm moves ___ to increase lung capacity.

    <p>downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Trachea = Windpipe that connects larynx to bronchi Alveoli = Microscopic sacs for gas exchange Bronchi = Main air passages from trachea to lungs Larynx = Voice box that prevents choking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for filtering and moistening incoming air?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alveoli have low oxygen and high carbon dioxide during exhalation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the diaphragm?

    <p>To facilitate breathing by contracting and relaxing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ provides structure to the trachea and keeps it from collapsing.

    <p>cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The respiratory system operates independently of the muscular system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Oxygen is needed for cells to function in the body
    • Carbon dioxide is a waste product harmful to the body if it accumulates
    • The Airways are a series of tunnels transporting air to the lungs: includes nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
    • The Lungs are where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves the blood
    • Muscles of Respiration help with breathing, including the diaphragm which contracts to pull air in and relaxes to push carbon dioxide out
    • The Lungs are a pair of organs protected by the rib cage, each with upper middle and lower lobes
    • The Bronchioles are smaller passages that branch off the bronchi and connect to alveoli
    • The Trachea is made of cartilage rings, which keep the windpipe open
    • The Alveoli are microscopic air sacs located in the lungs
    • The Bronchi are tubes that branch off the trachea that carry air to the bronchioles in both lungs, and also have cartilage rings which keep the tubes open
    • The Mouth, Nose and Naval Cavity warm, filter and moisten the incoming air
    • The Pharynx is part of both the digestive and respiratory systems, and is the link that allows air to travel to the trachea
    • Cilia are hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that clean dirt and mucus from the airways
    • The Larynx is made of cartilage, muscle, membranes, mucous membrane and ligaments, and contains vocal cords. It is responsible for keeping food and drink out of the airway, managing airflow when breathing and coughing, and managing voice tone and pitch
    • Breathing relies on the skeletal and muscular systems
    • The Lungs are attached to the ribs by suction
    • The Diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that encloses the bottom of the rib cage
    • The Diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inhalation
    • During exhalation, the diaphragm and ribs relax
    • During inspiration, the alveoli receive air high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide

    The Spine

    • Thoracic spine: comprises 12 vertebrae in the upper and mid-back region
    • Lumbar spine: comprises 5 vertebrae in the lower back, the largest and strongest vertebrae
    • Sacral spine: comprises 5 fused vertebrae in the pelvis
    • Coccygeal spine: is the coccyx or tailbone, comprised of 4 fused vertebrae
    • Lumbar vertebrae are larger to support more body weight
    • Cervical vertebrae are smaller due to only needing to support the head

    Words to Know

    • Ligaments are fibrous straps that hold bones together
    • Cartilage is hard, rubbery substance between two bones
    • Origin is the proximal end of muscle attached to the less movable bone
    • Insertion is the distal end of the muscle attached to the more movable bone

    Muscle Movement

    • Muscles work in pairs for movement, and are divided into agonist and antagonist muscles
    • Agonist muscle is the contracting muscle that causes the movement
    • Antagonist muscle is the relaxing or lengthening muscle
    • Quadriceps is the agonist during a kicking motion
    • Hamstring is the antagonist during a kicking motion
    • Gastrocnemius is the agonist during calf raises
    • Tibialis Anterior is the antagonist during calf raises
    • Bicep is the agonist during a serve (downward motion)
    • Tricep is the antagonist during a serve (downward motion)

    Muscle Fibre Characteristics

    • Contractibility is the ability of the muscle to shorten
    • Extensibility is the ability of the muscle to lengthen
    • Excitability is the ability of the muscle to respond to stimuli from the brain
    • Elasticity is the ability of the muscle to return to its resting state

    Fast Twitch and Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres

    • Muscle fibres are either fast-twitch or slow-twitch
    • Fast twitch fibres fatigue rapidly and are used for short, high-intensity exercise
    • Slow twitch fibres fatigue slowly and are used for sustained, low-intensity exercise

    Muscle Contractions

    • Muscle contractions are caused by an impulse from the brain
    • The two types of muscle contraction are isometric and isotonic
    • Isometric is a contraction without change in muscle length
    • Isotonic is a contraction with change in muscle length

    Energy and Movement

    • Energy content of food is measured in kilojoules
    • Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy needed for the body to function
    • The three major nutrients in food are carbohydrates, fats and protein
    • Carbohydrates are an ideal source of fuel for the body
    • Fats are a source of energy used during low to moderate intensity exercise
    • Protein is necessary for building and repairing muscle tissue
    • ATP is the energy for the body
    • Glucose is a sugar easily used by the body
    • Anaerobic respiration uses no oxygen
    • Aerobic respiration uses oxygen
    • ATP-PC system is the quickest way to get energy, but only lasts around 10 seconds
    • Lactic system is used primarily for activities from 30 seconds to a few minutes
    • Aerobic system is the primary energy source for activities lasting longer than a few minutes
    • Activities that use the ATP-PC system include sprinting, jumping, and powerlifting
    • Activities that use the Lactic system include 400m sprinting, weightlifting and long jump
    • Activities that use the Aerobic system include jogging, triathlon, and marathon

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    Respiratory System PASS Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential functions and components of the respiratory system in this quiz. Learn about the organs involved in breathing, the pathways for air transportation, and the process of gas exchange. Test your knowledge on key terms like bronchi, alveoli, and the diaphragm.

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