9.1 Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the respiratory system?

  • Gas exchange (correct)
  • Transporting nutrients
  • Producing hormones
  • Regulating body temperature

The larynx is responsible for protecting the alveoli from debris.

False (B)

What structures are included in the upper respiratory system?

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

The _____ traps airborne particles larger than 10 µm in the nose.

<p>mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory organs with their functions:

<p>Nose = Humidifies and cleans air Larynx = Produces sounds Trachea = Connects larynx to bronchi Alveoli = Sites of gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

<p>Digesting food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cilia help in the process of moving mucus upwards in the respiratory tract.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the glottis have?

<p>It is the opening into the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trachea branches into right and left _____.

<p>bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures to their roles:

<p>Nasal cavity = Resonates for speech Pharynx = Shared with digestive system Bronchioles = Conducts air to alveoli Alveoli = Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

<p>Providing a large area for gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The respiratory mucosa contains cilia that help in the transport of particles trapped in mucus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of the respiratory system?

<p>Upper and lower respiratory tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ serves as the opening into the trachea and is normally closed to prevent inhalation of foreign substances.

<p>glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory structures with their primary functions:

<p>Nose = Humidifies and cleans inhaled air Pharynx = Shared structure of respiratory and digestive systems Larynx = Protects the glottis and produces sound Trachea = Conducts air to bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not part of the upper respiratory system?

<p>Bronchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trachea is located anterior to the esophagus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs called?

<p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inhalation results in air being _____, _____, and _____ before reaching the lungs.

<p>warmed, humidified, cleaned</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the respiratory system plays a role in the detection of odors?

<p>Nasal cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Function

  • Provides a large surface area for gas exchange.
  • Moves air to and from the lungs.
  • Protects respiratory surfaces from pathogens, debris, and other hazards.
  • Produces sounds for speaking, singing, and communication.
  • Detects odors in the superior section.

Respiratory System Organization

  • Upper Respiratory System: Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.
  • Lower Respiratory System: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

Respiratory Mucosa

  • Superficial epithelial tissue with cilia and mucous cells.
  • Deeper areolar tissue for support.
  • Defense Mechanisms:
    • Mucous traps particles.
    • Particles larger than 10µm are trapped in the nose.
    • Particles between 1-5µm are trapped in the upper respiratory tract.
    • Cilia move upwards, forming a muco-ciliary elevator to be swallowed.

Nose and Nasal Cavity

  • Functions:
    • Airway that humidifies, warms, and cleans inhaled air.
    • Structures that resonate for speech.
    • Location for olfactory receptors.
  • Nose Breathing:
    • Inhalation warms and humidifies air.
    • Air is mixed via conchae or turbines.
    • Exhalation removes moisture and heat.

Pharynx

  • Shared structure of the respiratory and digestive systems.
  • Superior portion: Extends from the nose to the mouth.
  • Middle portion: Connects the superior and inferior portions.
  • Inferior portion: Extends to the larynx.

Larynx and Glottis

  • Larynx: Structure that protects the glottis.
  • Glottis: The opening into the trachea.
    • Normally closed to prevent inhalation of liquids.
    • Production of sounds.

Trachea

  • Also known as the windpipe.
  • Tracheal cartilage supports and keeps the tubing open.
  • Situated anterior to the esophagus.
  • Branches into smaller structures:
    • Bronchi (right and left).
    • Bronchioles.

Respiratory System Functions

  • Provides a large surface area for gas exchange (oxygen intake, carbon dioxide release)
  • Moves air to and from the lungs.
  • Protects respiratory surfaces from pathogens, debris, and other hazards.
  • Produces sounds for speaking, singing, and communication.
  • Detects odors in the superior section.

Respiratory System Organisation

  • Upper Respiratory System: Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.
  • Lower Respiratory System: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

Respiratory Mucosa

  • Superficial epithelial tissue with cilia and mucous cells.
  • Deeper areolar tissue for support.
  • Defense: Mucous traps particles, cilia propel mucus upwards (muco-ciliary elevator) to be swallowed.

Nose and Nasal Cavity

  • Provides an airway for humidifying, warming, and cleaning inhaled air.
  • Contains structures that resonate for speech.
  • Location for olfactory receptors.
  • Nose breathing: Inhalation warms and humidifies air, air is mixed via conchae (turbines). Exhalation removes moisture and heat.

Pharynx

  • Shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.
  • Superior portion: Extends from the nose to the mouth.
  • Middle portion: Not specified.
  • Inferior portion: Extends to the larynx.

Larynx and Glottis

  • The larynx protects the glottis (opening into the trachea).
  • The glottis is normally closed to prevent inhalation of liquids and other substances.
  • The glottis is responsible for sound production.

Trachea

  • Also known as the windpipe.
  • Has tracheal cartilage to support and keep the tubing open.
  • Sits anterior to the esophagus (digestive tract).
  • Branches into smaller structures: bronchi (right and left), bronchioles.

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