Respiratory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

  • Keeping food and drink out of the airway (correct)
  • Facilitating speech through resonance
  • Sound production
  • Regulating airflow into the lungs

Which part of the respiratory system contains the epiglottis?

  • Larynx (correct)
  • Bronchi
  • Pharynx
  • Trachea

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

  • Laryngopharynx, chapstick, and oropharynx
  • Epiglottis, nasopharynx, and pharynx
  • Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx (correct)
  • Larynx, nasopharynx, and trachea

Which cartilage is known as the 'Adam's apple'?

<p>Thyroid cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure guards the superior opening of the larynx?

<p>Epiglottis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the lung contains the hilum?

<p>Mediastinal surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cartilages are involved in forming the larynx?

<p>9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bronchus is the first to branch from the trachea?

<p>Bronchus principalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleura surrounding the lungs?

<p>Reducing friction during breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature differentiates the left lung from the right lung?

<p>Cardiac impression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

<p>To remove carbon dioxide and supply oxygen to the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the principal organs in the respiratory system?

<p>Esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the air during the process of inspiration?

<p>Air flows into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases?

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the respiratory system consists of passages that serve only for airflow?

<p>Conducting division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

<p>To warm, cleanse, and humidify inhaled air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nasal septum primarily made of?

<p>Bone and hyaline cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavity?

<p>Regulating blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiration

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

ATP

The primary energy source for most metabolic processes in the body.

Respiratory Division

The part of the respiratory system responsible for gas exchange, including the alveoli and bronchioles.

Conducting Division

The part of the respiratory system responsible for air flow, from the nostrils to the bronchioles.

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Alveoli

The small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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Inspiration

The process of inhaling air into the lungs.

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Expiration

The process of exhaling air from the lungs.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper portion of the respiratory system, including the nose, pharynx and larynx.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower portion of the respiratory system, including the trachea, bronchi and lungs.

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Nostrils (Nares)

The external openings of the nose.

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Nasal Conchae

Three bony structures covered by mucous membrane that project into the nasal cavity, increasing the surface area for air contact and warming, humidifying, and filtering the air.

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Meatus

Narrow air passage beneath each nasal concha within the nasal cavity, facilitating air flow and increasing surface area for air processing.

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Pharynx (Throat)

Muscular funnel extending from the choanae (opening of the nasal cavity) to the larynx, involved in swallowing and speech.

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Larynx (Voice Box)

Cartilaginous chamber in the throat that is responsible for sound production (phonation) and protecting the airway by preventing food and drink from entering it during swallowing.

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Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that closes off the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

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Glottis

The space between the vocal cords in the larynx, which widens during inspiration and narrows during phonation, determining the tone and thickness of the sound.

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Trachea (Windpipe)

A tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi, transporting air to and from the lungs. It is supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage to ensure it stays open.

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Bronchi

Branched airways that carry air further into the lungs, ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

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Lungs (Pulmones)

The lungs are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. They are divided into lobes, which are further divided into smaller segments.

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Pleura

A double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs, reducing friction during breathing and creating a potential space containing serous fluid for lubrication.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

  • Breathing is essential for life, as metabolic processes require ATP, which is produced via oxygen and the process generates carbon dioxide.
  • The respiratory system's primary function is to deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide.
  • It's composed of tubes that carry air to and from the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

Respiratory System Functions

  • Gas Exchange: Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the lungs.
  • Communication: The respiratory system, alongside the vocal cords, allows speech and other forms of communication.
  • Olfaction: The nose contains sensory receptors for the perception of smells.
  • Acid-Base Balance: The respiratory system helps regulate the pH of the blood by removing carbon dioxide.
  • Blood Pressure Regulation: The respiratory system participates in blood pressure regulation.
  • Expulsion of Abdominal Contents: The respiratory system assists in expelling abdominal contents.
  • Other functions: The respiratory system also plays a crucial role in speech production (phonation) by moving air through the vocal cords.

Main Parts of the Respiratory System

  • Upper Respiratory Tract:
    • Nose
    • Nasal Cavity
    • Pharynx (throat)
    • Larynx (voice box)
  • Lower Respiratory Tract:
    • Trachea (windpipe)
    • Bronchi (branches of the trachea)
    • Lungs
    • Alveoli (tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs)

Conducting Division

  • The conducting part of the system transports air and doesn't involve gas exchange.
  • Composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

Respiratory Division

  • Includes structures where gas exchange occurs.
  • Composed of bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs.

Lungs

  • Composed of tissues, and these tissues are responsible for gas exchange- oxygen to blood, and carbon dioxide to air.
  • The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity.
  • The lungs consist of two lobes (the right has three, the left has two).

Pleura

  • The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.
  • The visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs.
  • The parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the chest wall.
  • The pleural cavity is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing fluid for lubrication.

Trachea and Bronchi

  • The trachea is also called the windpipe, it is composed of hyaline cartilage.
  • The trachea connects to the bronchi.
  • The bronchi further divide into smaller branches (bronchioles).
  • Bronchioles lead to alveoli where gas exchange takes place.

Accessory structures.

  • Nasal Cavity: Warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air, also has smell receptors.
  • Pharynx and Larynx: Passageways for air and food; the larynx houses the vocal cords.

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