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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?
What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inhalation?
In exhalation, the volume of the chest cavity decreases.
In exhalation, the volume of the chest cavity decreases.
True
What disease can remain dormant in the body for years before showing symptoms?
What disease can remain dormant in the body for years before showing symptoms?
Tuberculosis
The gas exchange in fish occurs primarily in the ______.
The gas exchange in fish occurs primarily in the ______.
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Match the respiratory diseases to their causes:
Match the respiratory diseases to their causes:
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What triggers an increase in the breathing rate and heart rate?
What triggers an increase in the breathing rate and heart rate?
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Exhalation is the process of taking air into the lungs.
Exhalation is the process of taking air into the lungs.
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List two symptoms of tuberculosis.
List two symptoms of tuberculosis.
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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Breathing is a voluntary action that requires conscious thought.
Breathing is a voluntary action that requires conscious thought.
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What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?
What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?
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The pathway of air enters the respiratory system through the ______ or ______.
The pathway of air enters the respiratory system through the ______ or ______.
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Match the following components of the respiratory system with their descriptions:
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their descriptions:
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How many times does an average person breathe in a minute?
How many times does an average person breathe in a minute?
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Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the alveoli during gas exchange.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the alveoli during gas exchange.
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What is the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process?
What is the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process?
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Air travels through the trachea into the ______, where it is then directed to the lungs.
Air travels through the trachea into the ______, where it is then directed to the lungs.
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What structural feature of the trachea helps keep it open?
What structural feature of the trachea helps keep it open?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Functions
- On average, people breathe in and out 15 times per minute, moving more than 10,000 liters of air in and out of the lungs daily.
- Breathing rate increases with physical activity.
- The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide, a byproduct of energy production.
- It works closely with the circulatory system to transport these substances.
Respiratory System Components
- The respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.
Respiratory System Pathway of Air
- Air travels from the mouth or nose, through the pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and into the bronchioles, ultimately reaching the alveoli in the lungs.
- Inside the lungs, bronchioles branch into alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
Trachea (Windpipe)
- The trachea is supported by cartilage rings for strength and flexibility.
- It keeps the airway open.
- Ciliated epithelial cells produce mucus to trap and remove foreign particles (like dust).
- Hair-like projections called cilia move the mucus and debris out of the airways.
Bronchi and Bronchioles
- The trachea branches into two bronchi, one for each lung.
- Bronchi further divide into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.
- Epithelial cells in bronchi produce mucus to help filter air.
- Cilia help with filtering air.
- Bronchioles further branch into tiny air sacs called alveoli.
Alveoli
- Alveoli are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles.
- They have thin walls surrounded by capillaries, facilitating efficient gas exchange.
- Oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood.
- Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli.
Alveoli: Gas Exchange
- The circulatory system supplies blood to the lungs.
- The concentration of oxygen in the blood is lower than in the air in the alveoli.
- Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood.
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
Diaphragm
- The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle beneath the ribs.
- When relaxed, it is dome-shaped.
- When contracted, it flattens, increasing the volume of the chest cavity.
Breathing
- Breathing is an involuntary process controlled by the brain.
- The brain monitors carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
- Higher carbon dioxide levels trigger an increase in breathing rate and heart rate.
Inhalation
- Inhalation involves the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (muscles between the ribs).
- This action increases the volume of the chest cavity.
- The increased volume causes a decrease in pressure, allowing air to rush into the lungs.
Exhalation
- Exhalation happens when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax.
- This action decreases the volume of the chest cavity.
- The decrease in volume causes an increase in pressure, forcing air out of the lungs.
Diseases of the Respiratory System
- Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by bacteria that can affect the lungs and other parts of the body.
- Lung Cancer: A serious disease caused by tobacco smoke, containing carcinogens.
Respiratory Systems in Other Animals (Fish)
- Fish use gills for respiration, which are specialized organs for gas exchange.
- Oxygen from the water diffuses into the blood in the gills, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the water.
Homework
- Read pages 91-95 in the textbook and answer questions 2-4 on page 95.
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Description
This quiz explores the functions, components, and pathways of the respiratory system. Learn how the respiratory system interacts with the circulatory system and the significance of each component in gas exchange. Test your knowledge on air travel from the environment to the lungs.
