Respiratory System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Transport nutrients
  • Produce hormones
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide (correct)

    • Sound production is a function of the respiratory system.

    True

    What are the four distinct processes of respiration?

    Mechanical ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration, and transport of gases.

    The upper respiratory tract consists of the external nose, nasal cavity, and __________.

    <p>pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following respiratory structures with their primary characteristics:

    <p>Nasal Cavity = Lined with ciliated columnar epithelium containing goblet cells Pharynx = Connects the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus External Nose = First organ of the respiratory system Septum = Divides the nasal cavity into left and right chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves gas exchange between the lungs and the blood?

    <p>External respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cilia in the nasal cavity help trap dust particles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior bony part of the nasal septum is formed by the __________ and the __________.

    <p>ethmoid bone, vomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a resonating chamber for sound in speech?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thickness and length of the vocal cords affect the pitch of the sound produced.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the four structures that make up the Lower Respiratory Tract.

    <p>Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a leaf-shaped plate attached to the thyroid cartilage that helps during swallowing.

    <p>epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the laryngeal cartilage with its description:

    <p>Thyroid cartilage = Forms the prominence of Adam's apple Cricoid cartilage = Shaped like a signet ring Epiglottis = Leaf-shaped cartilage used during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is located posterior to the nose?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngopharynx extends from the oropharynx above and continues as the trachea below.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three parts of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and __________.

    <p>laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles play an important role in the mechanism of swallowing?

    <p>Involuntary constrictor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the two primary types of nerve supply to the pharynx.

    <p>Parasympathetic and sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the pharynx with their descriptions:

    <p>Nasopharynx = Contains pharyngeal tonsils Oropharynx = Located behind the mouth Laryngopharynx = Extends to the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ tubes open on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, leading to the middle ear.

    <p>auditory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is lined with cilia and mucus to trap larger particles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sneezing?

    <p>Irritation of the nasal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ extends from the lateral walls of the nose to the conjunctival sacs of the eye.

    <p>nasolacrimal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sinuses to their locations:

    <p>Maxillary sinuses = Lateral walls of the face Frontal sinuses = Roof of the skull Sphenoidal sinuses = Roof of the skull Ethmoidal sinuses = Upper part of the lateral walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>Olfactory nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All particles that enter the nose are successfully trapped by mucus and cilia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of the pharynx?

    <p>12-14 cm long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of bronchi and bronchioles?

    <p>Control of air entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic autonomic nervous system causes contraction of smooth muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alveolar macrophages are responsible for __________ against microbes.

    <p>defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structures to their functions:

    <p>Mucous membrane = Humidity and filtration Cartilage = Support and prevent airway collapse Smooth muscle = Regulation of air entry Alveoli = Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a function of alveoli?

    <p>Defense against microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smooth muscle thickness decreases in the bronchi and bronchioles as they branch.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do elastic fibers play in the respiratory system?

    <p>They provide support and allow for expansion and contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the larynx?

    <p>Prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right primary bronchus is narrower and longer than the left primary bronchus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures guard the laryngeal cavity?

    <p>Three pairs of folds (vocal cords and vestibular folds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary bronchus divides into _____, secondary bronchi.

    <p>the bronchial tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the lung structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Visceral pleura = Encloses and protects the lung Bronchioles = End of the branching from bronchi Alveoli = Site of gas exchange Pleural cavity = Contains lubricating fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, which is the primary action of the larynx?

    <p>The laryngeal folds close to prevent food entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea is located anteriorly to the esophagus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the walls of the trachea?

    <p>Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ membrane is a double-layered serous membrane that protects the lung.

    <p>pleural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the lung blood vessels with their functions:

    <p>Pulmonary artery = Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs Pulmonary vein = Carries oxygenated blood to the heart Bronchial arteries = Supplies oxygenated blood to the bronchial walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for sound production?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardiac notch is a feature of the right lung.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves difficulty in breathing due to bronchial constriction?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the site of gas exchange in the lungs.

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the bronchioles?

    <p>The end of branching from the bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Levels of Structural Organization

    • The human body is organized in a hierarchical manner
    • Atoms combine to form molecules
    • Examples of molecules include DNA
    • Molecules combine to form organelles
    • Specialized cells
    • Tissues are formed by similar cells
    • Tissues combine to form organs
    • Similar organs working together form organ systems
    • Organ systems work together to form an organism

    Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange
    • It intakes oxygen and expels carbon dioxide
    • The system includes upper and lower respiratory tracts
    • The upper respiratory tract consists of the nasal cavity, nose, pharynx, and larynx
    • The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
    • The respiratory functions include mechanical ventilation, external, and internal respiration
    • Respiration leads to sound production and other non-breathing air movements
    • The nasal cavity is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium that secretes mucus, trapping bacteria and foreign particles; contains nasal conchae

    Nose

    • The nose is the initial part of the respiratory system
    • It's divided into two halves by the septum
    • Structurally, it consists of bone, cartilage, and connective tissue
    • The posterior bony part of the nose is the ethmoid bone and vomer
    • Anteriorly, the nose is comprised of hyaline cartilage
    • The nose warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air
    • It has hairs in the anterior nares to trap larger foreign particles
    • The nasal cavity is lined with olfactory epithelium that detects smells

    Pharynx

    • A tube-like structure (12-14 cm)
    • Located behind the nose, mouth, and larynx
    • It extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra
    • Associated structures include superiorly, base of the skull, inferiorly (continuous with esophagus), anteriorly (incomplete due to openings to the nose, mouth, and larynx), and posteriorly (areolar tissue, involuntary muscles, and first six cervical vertebrae)
    • The pharynx has three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
    • Nasopharynx: superior part; posterior to nose; uvula/soft palate extending the floor; posterior wall with pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
    • Oropharynx: lies behind the mouth; extends from soft palate to 3rd cervical vertebra
    • Laryngopharynx: extends from oropharynx above and continues as esophagus below the level of the 3rd to the 6th cervical vertebra
    • The pharnyx's three layers are the mucous membrane, fibrous tissue, and muscle tissue

    Larynx

    • Also known as the voice box
    • It's the most anterior structure in the neck, called the Adam's apple
    • It prevents food and liquid from entering the lower respiratory tract
    • It's the site of sound production
    • It continues into the trachea at the lower margin of the cricoid cartilage

    Trachea

    • A tube-like structure (about 12 cm long)
    • Located below the larynx
    • Bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi
    • It has 19 to 20 C-shaped cartilages for support
    • Located anteriorly to the esophagus

    Bronchial Tree

    • The trachea branches into smaller tubes
    • The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical compared to the left (2.5 cm vs 5 cm)
    • The right primary bronchus enters the right lung at the hilum
    • It divides into three branches
    • The left primary bronchus enters the left lung at the hilum
    • It divides into two branches
    • The bronchi lead into smaller bronchioles
    • Bronchioles eventually lead into alveoli

    Lungs

    • Located in the thoracic cavity
    • Protected by ribs and intercostal muscles
    • Spongy, lightweight, and cone-shaped organs
    • The right lung is bigger and has three lobes
    • The left lung is smaller and has two lobes
    • Two lungs are located above the diaphragm
    • They have different lobes and are protected by ribs and intercostals

    Alveoli

    • The main site for gas exchange (O2 and CO2)
    • Air sacs with cup-shaped outpouchings
    • Alveolar macrophages defend against microbes
    • The alveoli walls and surrounding capillary walls are thin to facilitate gas exchange
    • Includes surfactant-secreting cells, squamous epithelial cells, and red blood cells

    Bronchioles

    • The bronchi subdivide into bronchioles
    • The bronchioles contain smooth muscle and mucous membrane
    • Bronchioles allow for air filtering and warming
    • The smooth muscle allows for contraction and relaxation to control the air flowing to the lungs

    Blood Supply to Lungs

    • Deoxygenated blood is carried to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
    • Oxygenated (fresh) blood is carried to the heart via the pulmonary veins
    • Oxygenated blood is supplied to bronchial walls by bronchial arteries

    Nerve Supply to Lungs

    • The vagus nerve regulates lung function
    • The vagus nerve stimulates smooth muscle contraction
    • This leads to bronchoconstriction
    • The sympathetic nerve stimulates bronchial dilation

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the respiratory system with this quiz. It covers the structures, functions, and processes of respiration, including sound production and gas exchange. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or physiology.

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