Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these is not a function of bronchi and bronchioles?
Which of these is not a function of bronchi and bronchioles?
- Warm and humidify air
- Filter air passing through
- Gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood
- Transporting nutrients throughout the body (correct)
Alveoli have a thick layer of epithelium to facilitate gas exchange.
Alveoli have a thick layer of epithelium to facilitate gas exchange.
False (B)
What structure encloses the lungs and contains pleural fluid?
What structure encloses the lungs and contains pleural fluid?
Pleural membranes
The __________ terminates into 300 million alveoli.
The __________ terminates into 300 million alveoli.
Match the following lung components with their descriptions:
Match the following lung components with their descriptions:
What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract?
What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract?
The larynx is also known as the voice box and plays a role in routing food and air.
The larynx is also known as the voice box and plays a role in routing food and air.
What is the role of cilia in the nasal cavity?
What is the role of cilia in the nasal cavity?
The _____ connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx.
The _____ connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx.
Match the parts of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the parts of the respiratory system with their functions:
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
The trachea is part of the upper respiratory tract.
The trachea is part of the upper respiratory tract.
What type of blood is delivered from the heart to the lungs?
What type of blood is delivered from the heart to the lungs?
The movement of air in and out of the lungs is known as __________.
The movement of air in and out of the lungs is known as __________.
Match the respiratory structures with their functions:
Match the respiratory structures with their functions:
Where does external respiration occur?
Where does external respiration occur?
Bronchioles carry air to the alveoli.
Bronchioles carry air to the alveoli.
What is the role of the epiglottis during breathing?
What is the role of the epiglottis during breathing?
During internal respiration, gas exchange occurs between blood and __________.
During internal respiration, gas exchange occurs between blood and __________.
What structure serves as a common passage for both food and air?
What structure serves as a common passage for both food and air?
Flashcards
What is respiration?
What is respiration?
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and blood.
What is the upper respiratory tract?
What is the upper respiratory tract?
Includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx. Its functions are olfaction, moistening and warming incoming air, and filtering air to trap foreign particles and pathogens.
What is the pharynx?
What is the pharynx?
It connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx. The lower part of the pharynx is used for both food and air.
What is the lower respiratory tract?
What is the lower respiratory tract?
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What is the larynx?
What is the larynx?
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Pleural membranes
Pleural membranes
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Surfactant
Surfactant
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Gas exchange
Gas exchange
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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What is breathing or ventilation?
What is breathing or ventilation?
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What is external respiration?
What is external respiration?
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What is internal respiration?
What is internal respiration?
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What are alveoli?
What are alveoli?
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What are pulmonary capillaries?
What are pulmonary capillaries?
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Describe the path of oxygen in respiration.
Describe the path of oxygen in respiration.
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Describe the path of carbon dioxide in respiration.
Describe the path of carbon dioxide in respiration.
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood.
- This exchange is vital for aerobic metabolism.
- Cells require oxygen to produce energy.
- Cells generate carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Components of the Respiratory System
-
Upper Respiratory Tract:
- Nose and nasal cavity: Warms, moistens, and filters air; also involved in olfaction (smell).
- Sinuses: Cavities in the skull, lighten the head, and help warm and moisten air.
- Pharynx: Passageway for both air and food; a common pathway for both systems.
- Larynx: Voice box; epiglottis covers the larynx during swallowing, preventing food from entering the trachea.
-
Lower Respiratory Tract:
- Trachea (windpipe): Lined by ciliated epithelium and C-shaped cartilage rings. Transports air to and from the bronchi.
- Bronchi: Two branches of the trachea that conduct air to each lung.
- Bronchioles: Narrow passageways that branch from the bronchi.
- Lungs: Contain alveoli and air passageways; facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.
Events of Respiration
- Breathing/Ventilation: Movement of air into and out of the lungs.
- External Respiration: Gas exchange between the air and the blood.
- Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.
- Cellular Respiration: Use of oxygen to produce energy in cells (ATP).
Gas Exchange in Alveoli
- Alveoli are the primary site for gas exchange in the lungs.
- Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs.
- They are surrounded by a network of capillaries.
- Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the capillaries.
- Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.
Breathing Mechanisms (Inhalation and Exhalation)
-
Inhalation (Inspiration):
- The diaphragm contracts and flattens.
- The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs upward and outward.
- This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, decreasing pressure inside the lungs.
- Air rushes into the lungs from the outside.
-
Exhalation (Expiration):
- The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its dome shape.
- The intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribs to move downward and inward.
- This decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, increasing pressure inside the lungs.
- Air flows out of the lungs into the environment.
Additional Information
- The process of breathing is an active process during inhalation and a passive process during exhalation.
- Correct functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems is essential for survival.
- Cold temperatures can interfere with cilia function leading to nasal congestion.
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its structure and function. It covers the components of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their roles in gas exchange, which is essential for respiration and energy production in cells.
