Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
What is the primary function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Which structures are paired in the larynx?
Which structures are paired in the larynx?
What structural changes occur in the bronchi as they branch into smaller tubes?
What structural changes occur in the bronchi as they branch into smaller tubes?
Which cells in the alveoli are responsible for the secretion of surfactant?
Which cells in the alveoli are responsible for the secretion of surfactant?
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What is the approximate length of the trachea?
What is the approximate length of the trachea?
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In which part of the respiratory system do asthma attacks commonly occur?
In which part of the respiratory system do asthma attacks commonly occur?
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Which of the following statements about the bronchial anatomy is correct?
Which of the following statements about the bronchial anatomy is correct?
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What type of epithelium is present in the anterior part of the trachea?
What type of epithelium is present in the anterior part of the trachea?
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Which function is NOT associated with the nasal passages?
Which function is NOT associated with the nasal passages?
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Which of the following structures is primarily involved in gas exchange?
Which of the following structures is primarily involved in gas exchange?
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What role does the diaphragm play during breathing?
What role does the diaphragm play during breathing?
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Which part of the respiratory tract extends from the base of the skull to the C6 vertebrae?
Which part of the respiratory tract extends from the base of the skull to the C6 vertebrae?
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Which function is NOT performed by the larynx?
Which function is NOT performed by the larynx?
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What type of epithelium is found in the laryngopharynx?
What type of epithelium is found in the laryngopharynx?
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Which of the following structure(s) is considered part of the conducting zone?
Which of the following structure(s) is considered part of the conducting zone?
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What is a function of the nasal conchae?
What is a function of the nasal conchae?
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Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract
- Comprises the nose and pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Includes larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
Conducting Zone
- Transports air from nasal passages to terminal bronchioles
- Movement of air only
Respiratory Zone
- Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
- Gas exchange between alveoli and blood begins
Respiratory Passageway
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveoli
Alveoli
- Site of gas exchange (CO2 and O2 swapped)
- Respiratory membrane of alveoli
Function of Respiratory System
- Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): Air movement in and out of lungs
- External respiration: Breathing out
- Transport of respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
- Internal respiration
Respiratory Tree - Functional Anatomy
- Nose: Filters, moistens, and warms inhaled air
- Functions:
- Filters inhaled air
- Moistens inhaled air
- Helps warm the air
- Serves as a resonating chamber for speech
- Houses olfactory receptors
- Nasal Cavity
- Lined with skin containing sebaceous and sweat glands
- Two mucous membranes:
- Olfactory mucosa (smell receptors)
- Respiratory mucosa (mucus, lysozyme, digestive enzymes)
- Nasal conchae (turbinates) receive secretions from maxillary and frontal sinuses
Pharynx
- Fibrous tube extending from skull to C6 vertebrae
- Three parts:
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Larynx
- Lower respiratory tract beginning
- Voice box; larger in males
- Functions: Producing vocalizations, open airways, channeling air & food.
- Cartilages (9): Thyroid (Adam's apple), cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform, epiglottis
Trachea
- Windpipe; anterior to esophagus
- Approximately 4-5 inches long; connects larynx to bronchi
- Structure: Anterior mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells); 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage; posterior trachea lies muscle that constricts trachea.
Bronchi
- Two primary bronchi branch from trachea
- Same structure as trachea; C-rings become plates as tubes become smaller.
- Secondary (lobar): 3 on right, 2 on left
- Tertiary (segmental) divide repeatedly into smaller bronchi
Bronchioles
- No longer contain cartilage
- Terminal bronchioles branch off into alveolar ducts
Alveolar Sacs, Alveoli
- Structural and functional unit of lungs
- Respiratory membrane where gas exchange occurs
- Type 1 cells: Allow rapid diffusion
- Type 2 cells: Secrete surfactant (reduces surface tension)
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Description
This quiz covers the key components and functions of the respiratory system, including the upper and lower respiratory tracts, conducting and respiratory zones, and the process of gas exchange. Test your knowledge on the structure and functionality of the respiratory passages and their roles in respiration.
