Respiratory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason we need to breathe?

  • To enhance blood pressure regulation
  • To facilitate communication through vocalization
  • To maintain water balance in the body
  • To supply oxygen for ATP synthesis and eliminate carbon dioxide (correct)

Which organ is NOT considered a principal part of the respiratory system?

  • Larynx
  • Esophagus (correct)
  • Trachea
  • Lungs

What distinguishes the conducting division of the respiratory system from the respiratory division?

  • Both divisions are involved in gas exchange
  • Conducting division allows gas exchange; respiratory division does not
  • Conducting division is located in the upper respiratory tract; respiratory division is in the lower tract
  • Conducting division consists of air passages only for airflow; respiratory division facilitates gas exchange (correct)

During expiration, what happens to the air in the lungs?

<p>Air flows out from the alveoli back into the atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

<p>To warm, cleanse, and humidify inhaled air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange with the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nasal septum composed of?

<p>Bone and hyaline cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nose is supported by a pair of small nasal bones?

<p>The bridge of the nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of the respiratory system?

<p>Conducting and respiratory divisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

<p>Nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

<p>To keep food and drink out of the airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure guards the superior opening of the larynx?

<p>Epiglottis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mucous membrane in the nasal conchae?

<p>To filter and humidify air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the pitch of the voice change?

<p>By changing the length of the vocal folds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pleura surrounds the lung tissue?

<p>Visceral pleura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are included in the root of the lung?

<p>Pulmonary arteries and bronchi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the right lung from the left lung?

<p>The number of lobes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx is located behind the mouth?

<p>Oropharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

<p>To conduct air to and from the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is primarily responsible for generating turbulence in the nasal passages?

<p>Conchae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Breathing

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. It is essential for ATP production, which powers most metabolic processes.

Respiratory System

The organ system responsible for gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the blood and removing carbon dioxide.

Gas Exchange

The primary function of the respiratory system, involving the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to exhaled air.

Conducting Division

The passages that carry air from the nostrils to the bronchioles but do not participate in gas exchange.

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Respiratory Division

The structures within the lungs involved in gas exchange with the blood, including the alveoli and other gas-exchange regions.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

The portion of the respiratory system from the nose through the larynx.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

The portion of the respiratory system from the trachea through the lungs.

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Nares

The nostrils, the external openings to the nasal cavity.

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Posterior Nasal Apertures (Choanae)

The internal openings at the back of the nasal cavity that connect to the pharynx.

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Nasal Septum

The thin wall of bone and cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two halves (nasal fossae).

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Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)

Three bony scrolls covered by mucous membrane that protrude into the nasal cavity, increasing surface area and creating turbulence for better air filtration and warming.

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Meatus

Narrow air passages located beneath each nasal concha, responsible for directing airflow.

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Pharynx (Throat)

Muscular funnel extending from the choanae (back of the nasal cavity) to the larynx (voice box), responsible for passing air and food.

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Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that guards the superior opening of the larynx (voice box), preventing food and drink from entering the airway during swallowing.

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Laryngeal Cartilages

Nine cartilages that form the framework of the larynx (voice box).

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Glottis

The vocal cords and the space between them, responsible for sound production (phonation).

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Trachea (Windpipe)

A tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, responsible for carrying air to the lungs.

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Bronchi

Smaller tubes that branch off from the trachea, carrying air to the lungs, responsible for splitting into smaller structures.

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Lungs

The two large organs in the chest cavity, responsible for gas exchange between the air and the blood.

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Pleura

A two-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs, preventing friction during breathing.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System

  • Breath represents life, the first breath of a baby and the last gasp of a dying person are dramatic moments.
  • Breathing is necessary for most metabolic processes, which require ATP. Most ATP synthesis requires oxygen and generates CO2, driving the need to breathe for oxygen and CO2 removal.
  • The respiratory system primarily consists of tubes that deliver air to the lungs for gas exchange.

Main Function

  • The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide.
  • It also has other functions like communication, olfaction (smelling), and blood pressure regulation.
  • Breathing helps in controlling blood pressure and removing abdominal contents.

Upper Respiratory Tract / Lower Respiratory Tract

  • The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box).
  • The lower respiratory tract contains the trachea (windpipe), bronchi (branching airways), and alveoli (air sacs) which facilitate gas exchange.

Structures

  • Nose - warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air; detects odors.
  • Pharynx (Throat) - common passageway for food and air.
  • Larynx (Voice Box) - produces sound; keeps food/drink out of airway.
  • Trachea (Windpipe) - main airway leading to the lungs.
  • Bronchi - branching airways that lead to the lungs.
  • Alveoli - tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
  • Lungs - primary organs for gas exchange; consist of the alveoli and branching airways.

Respiratory System – Air Pathway

  • Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Respiratory System - Divisions

  • Conducting division - passages that only carry air. (no gas exchange)
  • Respiratory division - structures where gas exchange takes place (e.g., alveoli).

Lungs (Pulmones)

  • Three faces: diaphragmatic, costal, and mediastinal.
  • The root of the lung (hilum) contains structures, like blood vessels, bronchi, nerves, entering/exiting the lung.

Pleura

  • Double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.
  • Visceral pleura: directly surrounds the lung tissue.
  • Parietal pleura: outer layer lining the thoracic cavity.
  • Pleural cavity: space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

Trachea and Bronchi

  • The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs.
  • It has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that maintain its shape and prevent collapse.
  • The trachea divides into two main bronchi which then branch into smaller bronchioles and end in alveoli.

Larynx (Voicebox)

  • Cartilaginous structure between the pharynx and trachea.
  • Protects airway, plays role in sound production.

Pharynx

  • Funnel-shaped tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus.
  • Three regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

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Description

Explore the essential functions of the respiratory system, including its role in gas exchange and other vital processes. This quiz covers both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their significance in maintaining life. Test your knowledge on how breathing impacts health and metabolism.

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