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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason we need to breathe?
What is the primary reason we need to breathe?
Which organ is NOT considered a principal part of the respiratory system?
Which organ is NOT considered a principal part of the respiratory system?
What distinguishes the conducting division of the respiratory system from the respiratory division?
What distinguishes the conducting division of the respiratory system from the respiratory division?
During expiration, what happens to the air in the lungs?
During expiration, what happens to the air in the lungs?
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What is the function of the nasal cavity?
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
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What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
What is the role of alveoli in the respiratory system?
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What is the nasal septum composed of?
What is the nasal septum composed of?
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Which part of the nose is supported by a pair of small nasal bones?
Which part of the nose is supported by a pair of small nasal bones?
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What are the two main divisions of the respiratory system?
What are the two main divisions of the respiratory system?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
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What is the primary function of the larynx?
What is the primary function of the larynx?
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Which structure guards the superior opening of the larynx?
Which structure guards the superior opening of the larynx?
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What is the role of the mucous membrane in the nasal conchae?
What is the role of the mucous membrane in the nasal conchae?
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How does the pitch of the voice change?
How does the pitch of the voice change?
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Which layer of the pleura surrounds the lung tissue?
Which layer of the pleura surrounds the lung tissue?
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What structures are included in the root of the lung?
What structures are included in the root of the lung?
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What distinguishes the right lung from the left lung?
What distinguishes the right lung from the left lung?
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Which part of the pharynx is located behind the mouth?
Which part of the pharynx is located behind the mouth?
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What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?
What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?
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What structure is primarily responsible for generating turbulence in the nasal passages?
What structure is primarily responsible for generating turbulence in the nasal passages?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- Breath represents life, the first breath of a baby and the last gasp of a dying person are dramatic moments.
- Breathing is necessary for most metabolic processes, which require ATP. Most ATP synthesis requires oxygen and generates CO2, driving the need to breathe for oxygen and CO2 removal.
- The respiratory system primarily consists of tubes that deliver air to the lungs for gas exchange.
Main Function
- The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide.
- It also has other functions like communication, olfaction (smelling), and blood pressure regulation.
- Breathing helps in controlling blood pressure and removing abdominal contents.
Upper Respiratory Tract / Lower Respiratory Tract
- The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box).
- The lower respiratory tract contains the trachea (windpipe), bronchi (branching airways), and alveoli (air sacs) which facilitate gas exchange.
Structures
- Nose - warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air; detects odors.
- Pharynx (Throat) - common passageway for food and air.
- Larynx (Voice Box) - produces sound; keeps food/drink out of airway.
- Trachea (Windpipe) - main airway leading to the lungs.
- Bronchi - branching airways that lead to the lungs.
- Alveoli - tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
- Lungs - primary organs for gas exchange; consist of the alveoli and branching airways.
Respiratory System – Air Pathway
- Nose → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
Respiratory System - Divisions
- Conducting division - passages that only carry air. (no gas exchange)
- Respiratory division - structures where gas exchange takes place (e.g., alveoli).
Lungs (Pulmones)
- Three faces: diaphragmatic, costal, and mediastinal.
- The root of the lung (hilum) contains structures, like blood vessels, bronchi, nerves, entering/exiting the lung.
Pleura
- Double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.
- Visceral pleura: directly surrounds the lung tissue.
- Parietal pleura: outer layer lining the thoracic cavity.
- Pleural cavity: space between the visceral and parietal pleura, containing fluid to reduce friction during breathing.
Trachea and Bronchi
- The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the lungs.
- It has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that maintain its shape and prevent collapse.
- The trachea divides into two main bronchi which then branch into smaller bronchioles and end in alveoli.
Larynx (Voicebox)
- Cartilaginous structure between the pharynx and trachea.
- Protects airway, plays role in sound production.
Pharynx
- Funnel-shaped tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus.
- Three regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of the respiratory system, including its role in gas exchange and other vital processes. This quiz covers both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their significance in maintaining life. Test your knowledge on how breathing impacts health and metabolism.
