Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system?
- To filter pathogens from inhaled air
- To produce carbon dioxide
- To facilitate gas exchange (correct)
- To transport air to the trachea
Which event occurs during the inhalation process?
Which event occurs during the inhalation process?
- Chest cavity volume increases (correct)
- Diaphragm contracts and moves up
- Ribs fall due to muscle relaxation
- Air pressure inside the chest increases
What effect does asthma have on the respiratory system?
What effect does asthma have on the respiratory system?
- Increases airflow to the alveoli
- Strengthens the intercostal muscles
- Enhances gas exchange efficiency
- Irritates and narrows the airways (correct)
How does smoking impact the respiratory system?
How does smoking impact the respiratory system?
Which component acts to change chest volume during the breathing process?
Which component acts to change chest volume during the breathing process?
What happens to the pressure inside the chest during exhalation?
What happens to the pressure inside the chest during exhalation?
What is a key feature that maximizes gas exchange in alveoli?
What is a key feature that maximizes gas exchange in alveoli?
What role do capillaries play in the gas exchange process?
What role do capillaries play in the gas exchange process?
During the process of breathing, what occurs when the diaphragm relaxes?
During the process of breathing, what occurs when the diaphragm relaxes?
Which structure serves as the windpipe connecting the mouth to the lungs?
Which structure serves as the windpipe connecting the mouth to the lungs?
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Study Notes
Alveoli
- Tiny air sacs at end of bronchioles
- Site of gas exchange: oxygen enters blood, carbon dioxide exits
Respiratory System Functions
- Take in oxygen
- Release carbon dioxide
Maximizing Gas Exchange
- Large surface area of alveoli
- Thin, moist walls for efficient diffusion
- Capillaries located close to alveoli walls
Breathing
- Involves muscle movement and pressure changes to move air
Inhaling
- Intercostal muscles contract, ribs lift
- Diaphragm contracts, flattens
- Chest cavity volume increases
- Pressure inside chest decreases
- Air rushes into lungs
Exhaling
- Intercostal muscles relax, ribs fall
- Diaphragm relaxes, moves upwards
- Chest cavity volume decreases
- Pressure inside chest increases
- Air forced out of lungs
Exercise, Asthma, and Smoking
- Exercise strengthens intercostal muscles and diaphragm for efficient breathing
- Asthma: irritated and swollen airways reduce airflow, treated with inhalers
- Smoking damages cilia (tiny hairs in airways), preventing dust and pathogen removal
- Smoking can lead to bronchitis, COPD, lung cancer
Part of the Gas Exchange System
- Trachea (windpipe): tube from mouth to lungs, cartilage rings keep it open
- Bronchus: branches from trachea, one for each lung
- Bronchioles: smaller tubes branching from bronchi, carry air deeper into lungs
- Alveoli: tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles, site of gas exchange
- Intercostal muscles: muscles between ribs, contract and relax with diaphragm to change chest volume during breathing
Lung Volume Measurement
- Measures lung volume using water displacement in a plastic tube
Multicellular Organisation
- Organizes living things from cells to multicellular organisms, increasing complexity at each level
Inhaled and Exhaled Air Composition
- Pie chart showing composition of gasses in inhaled and exhaled air
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