Respiratory System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To regulate body temperature

To remove waste from the bloodstream

To provide oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide (correct)

To produce hormones

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the principal organs of the respiratory system?

Lungs

Bronchi

Stomach (correct)

Trachea

During inspiration, what occurs in the alveoli?

Oxygen is stored

Carbon dioxide accumulates

Air flows out of the bloodstream

Gases diffuse between air and blood (correct)

Which division of the respiratory system includes the alveoli?

Respiratory division Signup and view all the answers

What function does the nose serve besides respiration?

Detects odors Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary between the bone of the nasal bridge and the cartilage of the nose called?

Nasal dorsum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nasal cavity is known for warming and humidifying inhaled air?

Nasal vestibule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the conducting division of the respiratory system?

Serves only for airflow Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during expiration?

Carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the nasal septum?

Divides the nasal cavity into two halves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

To produce sound and protect the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?

Horizontal fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

To close the airway and direct food into the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system contains the glottis?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mucous membrane covering the nasal conchae?

To ensure most air contacts the mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What components make up the root of the lung?

Main bronchus and pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

What structure supports the trachea and maintains its shape?

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the pharynx is closest to the larynx?

Laryngopharynx Signup and view all the answers

How does the pitch of the voice change during phonation?

Through stretching and movement of the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

What is located between the two layers of pleura?

Serous fluid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Breath represents life, the first breath of a baby and the last gasp of a dying person are highly dramatic moments
Breathing is necessary for metabolism, since most ATP synthesis requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system's primary function is gas exchange, bringing oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.
The system consists mainly of tubes that deliver air to the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood, and CO2 is released.

Main Function

The respiratory system is an organ system providing oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.
It has diverse functions like gas exchange, communication, smell, sound production, olfaction, acid-base balance, blood pressure regulation, and the expulsion of abdominal contents.

Divisions of the Respiratory System

Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, pharynx, larynx and trachea
- Nose: Warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air, detects odors in the airstream, resonates the voice
- Pharynx: Passageway for air, food, and liquids.
- Larynx: Voice box, produces sound, prevents food and drink from entering the airway.
- Trachea: Windpipe, main airway to the lungs.
Lower Respiratory Tract: Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and the lungs
- Bronchi: Branches of the trachea leading to the lungs
- Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchi, the pathway for air during inhalation
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that allow for gas exchange to occur between air and the bloodstream

Larynx

The larynx, or voice box, is a cartilaginous chamber about 4 cm long
Its primary function is to keep food and liquid out of airways, it also produces sound.

Trachea and Bronchi

The trachea is a tube about 12 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter, positioned anterior to the esophagus.
The trachea has 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
The trachea branches into the right and left bronchi at the level of the sternal angle and vertebra 15.

Bronchial Tree

The branching of the bronchi follows a pattern, starting with primary bronchi, leading to secondary and tertiary bronchi, then to bronchioles, and ending with the smallest, terminal bronchioles.

Lungs

Lungs consist of three faces (diaphragmatic, costal, mediastinal)
The lung's root (hilum) is an entrance/exit point for structures like bronchi, vessels, and nerves.
Lungs have lobes (usually 3 on the right, 2 on the left).

Pleura

Pleura is a two-layered serous membrane that surrounds the lungs, with layers called the visceral pleura(next to the lungs) and parietal pleura (lining the thoracic cavity).
These layers form a space surrounding the lungs called the pleural cavity, containing serous fluid that prevents friction during breathing.

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Description

Explore the critical functions and components of the respiratory system in this quiz. Learn about gas exchange, the divisions of the respiratory tract, and the various roles breathing plays in our metabolism and overall health.