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Respiratory System Overview
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Respiratory System Overview

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@VeritableJadeite

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the aryepiglottic folds?

  • To span from the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage (correct)
  • To control the pitch of vocal sounds
  • To connect the vocal folds to the trachea
  • To direct airflow towards the nasal passageways

    • Which of the following statements correctly describes the position of the vocal folds during deep expiration?

  • The vocal folds are in a fully abducted position
  • The vocal folds are adducted to a maximal extent (correct)
  • The vocal folds are partially open to allow airflow
  • The vocal folds form a diamond shape

    • What role does the uvula play during sneezing?

  • It aids in the compression of air from the lungs
  • It directs the released air towards the lungs
  • It ensures the epiglottis remains open
  • It is depressed to facilitate airflow to the nasal passageways (correct)

    • What shape does the rima glottidis take during quiet inspiration?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the sudden release of compressed air during actions like sneezing?

    <p>It increases intrathoracic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sensory nerve branch is responsible for sensory input above the vocal cords?

    <p>Internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts of the airways are classified as the extrathoracic (superior) airway?

    <p>Supraglottic, glottic, infraglottic regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intrathoracic (inferior) airway?

    <p>Conduction of air to the alveolar surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinus is primarily responsible for draining mucus into the nasal cavity?

    <p>Maxillary Sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the pharynx is involved in both respiratory and digestive functions?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the external nose?

    <p>Maxillary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical division of the respiratory system?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of membrane lines the nasal cavity?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the lymph drainage in the respiratory system is correct?

    <p>Lymph drainage occurs in both the nasal cavity and lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the conducting division of the respiratory system?

    <p>Includes trachea and bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oropharynx when the soft palate is elevated?

    <p>It is shut off from the nasopharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the elevation of the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial action when masticated food is ready to be swallowed?

    <p>It is formed into a bolus and pushed upward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument's use maximizes expiration of air through the mouth?

    <p>Trumpet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs after the bolus is pushed into the pharynx?

    <p>Swallowing becomes an involuntary act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does air enter the oropharynx during mastication?

    <p>Via the mouth alongside food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does NOT occur when the palatopharyngeal arch is pulled medially?

    <p>It facilitates the formation of a food bolus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the soft palate play during swallowing?

    <p>It assists in sealing the oropharynx during elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the elevation of the laryngopharynx?

    <p>The epiglottis closes the laryngeal inlet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about swallowing is incorrect?

    <p>All swallowing actions remain voluntary throughout the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure begins the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the correct description of the conducting division.

    <p>Passages serving exclusively for airflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily composes the framework of the external nose?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first structure in the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply blood to the skin of the external nose?

    <p>Branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion begins the respiratory division?

    <p>Respiratory bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions are included in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

    <p>Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the lower respiratory tract?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the respiratory division of the respiratory system?

    <p>Includes alveoli and gas-exchange regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supplies the skin of the ala and the lower part of the septum?

    <p>Branches from the facial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of elevating the soft palate during swallowing?

    <p>To prevent food and drink from entering the nasal cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily aids in the closure of the nasopharynx during swallowing?

    <p>Levator Veli Palatini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for elevating the larynx during swallowing?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is performed by the superior constrictor muscle during the swallowing process?

    <p>Pulls the posterior wall of the pharynx forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Cricopharyngeus muscle at the lower end of the pharynx?

    <p>Acts as a sphincter to regulate passage into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the elevation of the larynx contribute to the swallowing process?

    <p>It closes off the entrance to the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to breathing during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

    <p>Breathing is temporarily stopped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle primarily pulls the palatopharyngeal arch medially during swallowing?

    <p>Palatopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • The respiratory system comprises airway anatomy and lung anatomy.
    • Airway anatomy is subdivided into extrathoracic (superior) and intrathoracic (inferior) airways.
    • The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
    • The lower respiratory tract extends from the trachea to the alveoli.

    Nose

    • The external nose consists of various components, supported by hyaline cartilage.
    • Blood supply to the external nose comes from branches of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries.
    • The nasal cavity has distinct boundaries and is lined with mucous membrane, rich in nerve supply and lymph drainage.

    Sinuses

    • Sinuses include maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, serving as drainage for mucus.

    Pharynx

    • Divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
    • Plays a role in respiration and digestion, controlling the passage of air and food.
    • The elevation of the soft palate separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx during swallowing.

    Anatomical Division

    • The upper respiratory tract begins at the nasal cavity while the lower tract starts at the trachea.
    • Key functions include air conduction to the alveolar surface for gas exchange.

    Functional Division

    • Conducting division involves passages only for airflow, from the nose through the bronchioles.
    • Respiratory division includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

    Larynx

    • The larynx elevates to protect the trachea during swallowing, closing off the airway.
    • Muscles like the stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus assist in swallowing by elevating the larynx and pharynx.
    • Sneezing involves sudden abduction of vocal folds to expel air rapidly, clearing the airway.

    Vocal Folds

    • Vocal folds are maximally abducted during quiet inspiration and adducted during expiration.
    • The shape of the rima glottidis changes during respiration; it is triangle-shaped when abducted for air entry.

    Nerve Supply

    • The sensory nerve supply above the vocal cords is mediated by the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (vagus nerve).

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    Description

    Dive into the intricate details of the respiratory system, including its anatomy, nerve supply, blood supply, and lymph drainage. This quiz covers essential topics such as airway and lung anatomy, providing a comprehensive understanding of respiratory functions.

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