Respiratory System Objectives in Gen Bio II
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor that determines the rate of gas exchange between air and blood?

  • Concentration gradient of oxygen (correct)
  • Distance between capillaries and alveoli
  • Thickness of the respiratory surface
  • Surface area of the respiratory surface

    • What is the main difference between water and air as respiratory media?

  • Density
  • Viscosity
  • Oxygen content (correct)
  • Partial pressure

    • What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in eliminating CO2 from the body?

  • Releasing CO2 into the lungs
  • Increasing pH levels
  • Converting CO2 into bicarbonate (correct)
  • Decreasing oxygen levels

    • What is the term for the process by which oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs and releases it in the tissues?

    <p>Oxygen dissociation curve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the brain controls the breathing rate?

    <p>Monitoring PCO2 levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between PCO2 and pH in the regulation of breathing?

    <p>Increased PCO2 decreases pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile in the digestive process?

    <p>To break up fats into small droplets that are easier for enzymes to digest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the liver in regulating blood sugar levels?

    <p>It removes sugar from the blood and stores it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive process?

    <p>To release digestive enzymes and alkaline bicarbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the protease enzymes from the pancreas?

    <p>To release in inactive form called zymogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive process?

    <p>To store bile until it is needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the liver in detoxification?

    <p>To modify substances absorbed in the digestive tract into less toxic forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of all digestive systems?

    <p>Elimination of waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the salivary amylase in the mouth?

    <p>Initiating the breakdown of starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle propels food along the esophagus to the stomach?

    <p>Peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive process?

    <p>Mechanical digestion and beginning of chemical digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the food in the stomach after digestion and mechanical breakdown?

    <p>Conversion to a thick, acidic liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates increased salivation in the mouth?

    <p>Tasting, smelling, and even thinking or talking about food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bicarbonate in the pancreatic fluid?

    <p>To neutralize the pH 2 acid in the chyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of trypsin in the digestive process?

    <p>To digest proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total surface area of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

    <p>3200 square feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria can be found in the large intestine?

    <p>E. coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    <p>To absorb vitamins and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the brush border enzymes located?

    <p>In the small intestine cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force behind gas transport in the body?

    <p>Difference in concentration of gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm during ventilation?

    <p>To expand and retract the thoracic cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the law that describes the movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?

    <p>Fick's Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of carbon dioxide transported by hemoglobin?

    <p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory centers in the brain?

    <p>To control breathing rate and rhythm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that combines carbon dioxide with water to form H2CO3?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of oxygen that remains in the blood as a reserve at a blood oxygen pressure of 40 mm Hg?

    <p>75% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the aortic and carotid bodies in the body?

    <p>To monitor arterial oxygen levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the curve that describes the relationship between blood oxygen pressure and hemoglobin saturation?

    <p>Oxygen Dissociation Curve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of total carbon dioxide transported in the blood that is dissolved in the plasma?

    <p>8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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