Respiratory System Objectives in Gen Bio II

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What is the primary factor that determines the rate of gas exchange between air and blood?

Concentration gradient of oxygen (correct)

Distance between capillaries and alveoli

Thickness of the respiratory surface

Surface area of the respiratory surface

What is the main difference between water and air as respiratory media?

Density

Viscosity

Oxygen content (correct)

Partial pressure

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in eliminating CO2 from the body?

Releasing CO2 into the lungs

Increasing pH levels

Converting CO2 into bicarbonate (correct)

Decreasing oxygen levels

What is the term for the process by which oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs and releases it in the tissues?

Oxygen dissociation curve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the brain controls the breathing rate?

Monitoring PCO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between PCO2 and pH in the regulation of breathing?

Increased PCO2 decreases pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile in the digestive process?

To break up fats into small droplets that are easier for enzymes to digest Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in regulating blood sugar levels?

It removes sugar from the blood and stores it Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive process?

To release digestive enzymes and alkaline bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the protease enzymes from the pancreas?

To release in inactive form called zymogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive process?

To store bile until it is needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in detoxification?

To modify substances absorbed in the digestive tract into less toxic forms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of all digestive systems?

Elimination of waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the salivary amylase in the mouth?

Initiating the breakdown of starch Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle propels food along the esophagus to the stomach?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive process?

Mechanical digestion and beginning of chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the food in the stomach after digestion and mechanical breakdown?

Conversion to a thick, acidic liquid Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates increased salivation in the mouth?

Tasting, smelling, and even thinking or talking about food Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bicarbonate in the pancreatic fluid?

To neutralize the pH 2 acid in the chyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of trypsin in the digestive process?

To digest proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the total surface area of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

3200 square feet Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria can be found in the large intestine?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To absorb vitamins and water Signup and view all the answers

Where are the brush border enzymes located?

In the small intestine cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force behind gas transport in the body?

Difference in concentration of gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm during ventilation?

To expand and retract the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the law that describes the movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?

Fick's Law Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of carbon dioxide transported by hemoglobin?

20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory centers in the brain?

To control breathing rate and rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that combines carbon dioxide with water to form H2CO3?

Carbonic anhydrase Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of oxygen that remains in the blood as a reserve at a blood oxygen pressure of 40 mm Hg?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the aortic and carotid bodies in the body?

To monitor arterial oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the curve that describes the relationship between blood oxygen pressure and hemoglobin saturation?

Oxygen Dissociation Curve Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of total carbon dioxide transported in the blood that is dissolved in the plasma?

8% Signup and view all the answers