Respiratory System Module 1

Questions and Answers

What organ serves as the initial entry point for air in the respiratory system?

Nose

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To facilitate the intake and exchange of gases, supplying the blood with oxygen.

The ______________ is also called the windpipe.

trachea

What happens to the rib muscles and diaphragm during inhalation?

They contract and move down Signup and view all the answers

The circulatory system is responsible for exchanging gases in the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blood in the circulatory system?

To carry materials (nutrients and gases) throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which blood component is responsible for protecting the body from infection?

White Blood Cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the heart with their functions:

Atria = Receiving chambers of the heart Ventricles = Pumping chambers of the heart Valves = Prevent blood from flowing backward Septum = Separates the left and right sides of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs called?

Pulmonary Circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is heredity?

The passing of traits from parent to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a gene combination involving one dominant and one recessive allele?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete dominance results in a third phenotype.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System

Responsible for gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the blood, enabling breathing, and voice production.
Provides energy to body cells through the process of respiration.

Parts and Functions of the Respiratory System

Nose: Entry point for air, filters it.
Nasal Passages: Channels for airflow; warm, clean, and moisten air.
Trachea: Hollow tube (windpipe) that directs air to the lungs.
Bronchi: Two tubes branching from the trachea into the lungs.
Bronchioles: Fine, hair-like tubes connecting bronchi to alveoli.
Alveoli: Air sacs for gas exchange in the lungs.
Lungs: Bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

Respiratory System: Inhalation

Rib muscles and diaphragm contract, causing rib cage to expand.
Lung volume increases, leading to decreased air pressure in the lungs.
Air flows into the lungs as the chest cavity volume increases.

Respiratory System: Exhalation

Rib muscles and diaphragm relax, rib cage becomes smaller.
Air pressure in the lungs increases, forcing air out.
Chest cavity volume decreases during exhalation.

Circulatory System

Responsible for distributing materials (oxygen, nutrients, waste) throughout the body.
Works with other systems for efficient transportation of vital elements.

Parts and Functions of the Circulatory System

Blood: Transports nutrients and gases.
- Red Blood Cells: Deliver oxygen to tissues.
- White Blood Cells: Protect against infection.
- Platelets: Aid in blood clotting.
Blood Vessels: Network for blood transport.
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood from the heart.
- Veins: Transport deoxygenated blood to the heart.
- Capillaries: Smallest vessels connecting arterioles to venules.
Heart: Pumps blood with four chambers (left/right atria and ventricles).
- Left side handles oxygen-rich blood; right side manages oxygen-poor blood.
- Valves ensure one-way blood flow.

Types of Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation: Blood flows from heart to lungs and back.
Coronary Circulation: Blood movement through heart tissues.
Systemic Circulation: Blood circulation from heart to the rest of the body, excluding lungs.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking

Respiratory Diseases: Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, tuberculosis, pneumonia, COVID-19, lung cancer.
Circulatory Diseases: Hypertension, coronary heart diseases, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, aneurysm, stroke.

Genetics

Study of heredity (trait passing from parent to offspring) and variation (differences among individuals).
Gene: DNA sequence determining traits.
Allele: Gene pair controlling a trait.
Homozygous: Combination of two identical alleles (dominant/recessive).
Heterozygous: Combination of one dominant and one recessive allele.