Respiratory System MCQs

Mixed dyspnea is a typical type of respiratory failure associated with exudative pleurisy.

Vocal fremitus weakens on the affected side in unilateral exudative pleurisy.

Vocal fremitus weakens on the affected side in pneumothorax.

Vocal fremitus weakens on the affected side in incomplete obstructive atelectasis.

Vocal fremitus increases on the affected side when a lung cavity communicates with the bronchus.

Vocal fremitus weakens on both sides in obesity.

Vocal fremitus weakens on both sides in broncho-obstructive syndrome.

Chest elasticity decreases in pulmonary emphysema.

Crepitation is caused by the alveolar walls sticking together during exhalation and separating during inhalation.

Pleural friction noise is produced by the rough surfaces of the pleura rubbing against each other during breathing.

Moist rales are caused by air passing through a bronchus or cavity filled with fluid.

Dry rales are caused by air moving through narrowed airways (e.g., bronchospasm or mucus).

Forced expiration helps identify hidden bronchial obstruction by revealing noises not heard normally while breathing.

Pressing a stethoscope on the chest helps distinguish localized sounds (e.g., pleural friction noise) from those of the whole lung.

Dry and moist rales have different mechanisms and therefore distinct characteristics, helping differentiate breathing sounds.

Using auscultation techniques, specifically forced expiration and localized pressing, can distinguish wheezing and crepitus from other respiratory sounds.

An increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood, often indicating an infection or inflammation.

A test that examines the mucus coughed up from the lungs to identify the cause of a respiratory infection.

A type of bacteria that can cause various infections, including pneumonia.

An inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

A deep, rapid breathing pattern often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar, ketones in the blood and urine, and acidosis.

A narrowing of the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, leading to reduced blood flow.

A narrowing of the aortic valve, which separates the left ventricle and the aorta, restricting blood flow from the heart to the body.

Ambroxol thins mucus by affecting the mucu proteins, making it easier to clear from the airways.

Penicillin treatment may fail due to factors like antibiotic resistance or an allergic reaction.

An allergic reaction to Benzylpenicillin can cause symptoms such as anxiety, itching, and difficulty breathing.

Tetracycline inhibits protein synthesis within cells, preventing bacterial growth.

Ketotifin is an antiallergic drug used to treat respiratory asthma.

Zafirlukast inhibits leukotriene receptors, reducing inflammation.

Biseptol has high antimicrobial activity and a bactericidal effect.

Ipecac stimulates gastric receptors, triggering a reflex that increases bronchial gland secretion.

Young children are less prone to sinusitis because their paranasal sinuses are underdeveloped.

Pleural effusion or atelectasis can weaken breath sounds due to fluid accumulation or collapsed lung tissue.

COPD or severe asthma causes air trapping, leading to hyperinflation and a barrel-shaped chest.

Children's bronchi are narrower and more susceptible to obstruction compared to adults.

Pleural effusion weakens bronchophony because fluid dampens sound transmission.

Asphyxia (suffocation) can occur due to various reasons like airway obstructions, choking, drowning, or breathing in harmful gases.

A ventilation-perfusion ratio greater than 1.0 suggests that more air is reaching the lungs than blood, indicating an inefficient gas exchange.

Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs) can lead to right heart failure due to increased workload on the right ventricle.

Bronchial obstruction can create a one-way valve effect, trapping air in the lungs, leading to hyperinflation and reduced ability to exhale.

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is primarily caused by a lack of surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the lungs, allowing for proper breathing.

Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension can occur due to a backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the pulmonary capillaries, increasing pressure.

Intermittent breathing is characterized by alternating periods of breathing and apnea (temporary cessation of breathing).

Obstructive respiratory failure occurs when airflow is blocked in the upper airway, leading to difficulty breathing in or out.