Respiratory System MCQs

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What pathology is indicated by yellowish-green sputum with 10-15 leukocytes and a strong presence of streptococcus?

Pulmonary emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

Pneumonia (correct)

Pulmonary tuberculosis

In a patient with pulmonary hypertension and a dry crackle on auscultation, what is the most likely underlying cause?

Aortic stenosis

Deficiency of the mitral valve

Mitral stenosis (correct)

Failure of the aortic valve

Which of the following changes in lung ventilation indicators is characteristic of pulmonary emphysema?

Increase in tidal volume

Reduced reserve inspiratory and expiratory volume (correct)

Increased total lung capacity

Unchanged respiratory rate

What type of breathing is characterized by slow, deep breaths and is often associated with metabolic acidosis?

Kussmaul's breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a blockage in the small blood circulation due to left atrium filling?

Mitral stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathogenetic factor associated with Kussmaul's respiration during diabetic coma?

Poisoning with ketone bodies Signup and view all the answers

In chronic bronchitis, what specific volume changes are observed?

Reduced reserve capacity and expiratory volume Signup and view all the answers

What physiological alteration occurs in the lungs during pneumonia that affects breathing?

Reduced ventilation effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of mucolytic action of ambroxol?

Depolarization of mucu protein Signup and view all the answers

Why was the treatment with benzylpenicillin sodium ineffective for Patient Z with pneumonia?

Both medications have the same effect since they are in the same group Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic feature is related to zafirlukast?

Inhibition of leukotriene receptors Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism leads to the formation of crepitation?

Adhesion and unstick of alveolar walls during breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism for the formation of pleural friction noise?

Contact and sliding of rough pleural surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of tetracycline antibiotics?

Inhibition of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of moist rales?

Air passing through a bronchus filled with liquid Signup and view all the answers

What properties are inherent in biseptol?

High antimicrobial activity and bactericidal effect Signup and view all the answers

How do dry rales form during respiration?

Air passing through a narrowed bronchial lumen Signup and view all the answers

Identify an antiallergic drug used for respiratory asthma.

Ketotifin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of forced expiration during lung auscultation?

To identify hidden bronchial obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has a narrow spectrum of action and is effective against gram-negative microorganisms?

Polymyxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of expectorant action of ipecacuanha drugs?

Stimulation of gastric receptors and increased secretion in bronchial glands Signup and view all the answers

Why is pressure from the stethoscope applied on the chest during lung auscultation?

For better listening to problematic bronchial breathing Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism causes air to sound differently when passing through a narrowed bronchial lumen?

Resistance created by bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

What phenomena lead to the crepitus sound during respiration?

Adhesion and separation of alveolar walls Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dyspnea is most commonly associated with exudative pleurisy?

mixed dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

How does vocal fremitus change in the presence of unilateral exudative pleurisy?

weakening on one side Signup and view all the answers

What change in vocal fremitus occurs with pneumothorax?

weakened on both sides Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of obesity on vocal fremitus?

weakened on both sides Signup and view all the answers

How does pulmonary emphysema affect chest elasticity?

decreased elasticity on both sides Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chest elasticity in unilateral hydrothorax?

decreased elasticity on one side Signup and view all the answers

How is vocal fremitus affected in broncho-obstructive syndrome?

weakening on one side Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs in vocal fremitus when a lung cavity communicates with the bronchus?

increased on one side Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a ventilation-perfusion ratio greater than 1.0?

Spasm of pulmonary arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following outcomes is a negative consequence of pulmonary hypertension?

Right heart failure and heart strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the prime factor in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?

Lack of surfactant Signup and view all the answers

What best describes intermittent breathing?

Periods of breathing with apnea Signup and view all the answers

How do indicators of acid-alkaline balance change when a rat is placed in a barochamber at 180 mm.s.b for three minutes?

Hypoxemia, hypocapnia, gas alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly contributes to a patient's chronic cough in COPD?

Increased mucus production Signup and view all the answers

Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension is primarily associated with which condition?

Mitral valve defect Signup and view all the answers

Bronchial obstruction can develop due to which mechanism?

Pulmonary emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason children are less prone to sinusitis compared to adults?

Paranasal sinuses are underdeveloped in young children. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a barrel-shaped chest?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature differentiates the bronchi of young children from those of adults?

Bronchi in children are narrower and more susceptible to obstruction. Signup and view all the answers

What causes weakened bronchophony in a patient?

Fluid in the pleural space Signup and view all the answers

What produces a tympanic sound on percussion of the lungs?

Pulmonary cavities or pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes