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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest functionally independent region that can be resected in the lung?

Lobe

Bronchiole

Lobule

Segment (correct)

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

Deoxygenated blood (correct)

Oxygenated blood

Deficient blood

Nutrient-rich blood

Which structures contribute to the deep lymphatic drainage of the lungs?

Bronchopulmonary nodes

Deep lymphatic plexus (correct)

Subpleural plexus

Visceral pleura

What is the role of the pulmonary plexus in the lungs?

Controls neural innervation Signup and view all the answers

Where do the lymphatic vessels of the superficial lymphatic drainage drain into?

Bronchopulmonary nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphatic drainage is located deep to the visceral pleura?

Subpleural plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which nodes receive lymph from lobes of the lungs after draining from bronchopulmonary nodes?

Tracheobronchial nodes Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the shape of each lung segment?

Irregular cone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thoracic cavity?

Protection of internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Which surfaces of the lungs are defined in the content?

Costal and mediastinal surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right lung from the left lung?

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure do the pulmonary vessels and bronchi pass through to enter the lungs?

Hilum Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What type of pleura covers the lungs?

Visceral pleura Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the inferior border of the lungs?

Sharp and separates from the costal surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the mediastinum?

Serves as the central compartment of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the right lung is correct?

It has two fissures and three lobes. Signup and view all the answers

The bronchial tree consists of which of the following structures?

Main bronchi, lobar bronchi, and segmental bronchi Signup and view all the answers

At which vertebral level can the oblique fissure of the left lung be found?

T3 - T4 Signup and view all the answers

Which pleural layer is intimately attached to the surface of the lung?

Visceral pleura Signup and view all the answers

Where should a stethoscope be placed to auscultate the upper lobe of the right lung?

At the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pleural fluid secreted by the pleurae?

To decrease resistance against lung movement during breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Which pleural recess is located where the costal pleura opposes the mediastinal pleura?

Costomediastinal recess Signup and view all the answers

What kind of nerves innervate the costal parietal pleura?

Intercostal nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pleural recesses is accurate?

They provide potential space for fluid buildup. Signup and view all the answers

What portion of the lung is NOT auscultated from the left lung?

Middle lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for the vascularization of the parietal pleura?

Internal thoracic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of the visceral pleura?

It is continuous with the parietal pleura at the root. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System - Lungs, Pleura

Basics: A body cavity encompassing major cardiovascular and respiratory structures.
Functions: Protects heart, lungs, and major vessels; facilitates breathing; serves as a passageway for the esophagus; connects the neck and abdomen.
Contents: Pleural cavities (enclosing lungs); mediastinum (heart, esophagus).
Thoracic Inlet: Connecting the thoracic cavity to the neck and arms; contains the trachea, esophagus, and great vessels.
Thoracic Outlet: Connecting the thoracic cavity to the abdomen; contains the esophagus and great vessels.
Thoracic Wall: Comprised of intercostal muscles, veins, arteries, nerves, fascia, and skin.
Shape of Thoracic Cavity: An osteocartilagenous conical cage; has a narrow inlet and a wide outlet.
Lungs: Separated by the mediastinum; each is enclosed by a double-layered pleural membrane. The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity wall, the visceral pleura covers the lung tissue.
Lung Shape: Cone-shaped; has an apex, base, and three borders (inferior, anterior, posterior). It also has two surfaces (costal and mediastinal).
Apex: Extends 1-2 cm past the clavicle's point.
Base: Located on the diaphragm.
Base Related Structures: Base sits on diaphragm; bordered by the liver on the right and left; also bordered by the stomach and spleen.
Lung Surfaces: Costal surface is immediately adjacent to the ribs, smooth, and in contact with the thoracic wall. Mediastinal surface lies adjacent to the mediastinum, containing the hilum and impressions of various structures.
Lung Borders: The inferior border differentiates the base from the costal surface; the anterior border separates the costal and medial surfaces; the posterior border separates the costal from the medial surfaces; a smooth, rounded border.
Lung Roots: Short tubes situated in the mediastinum; covered by the mediastinal pleura; the pleura reflects onto the lung's surface (visceral pleura).
Lung Hilum: Located on the medial surface; Contains the main bronchus, two pulmonary veins, and one pulmonary artery, as well as lymphatics and nerves.
Lung Fissures and Lobes: Right lung has two fissures (oblique and horizontal) and three lobes (upper, middle, lower). Left lung has one oblique fissure and two lobes (upper and lower).
Lingula: A small, tongue-shaped lobe on the left lung.
Lung Vascularization: Each lung contains one pulmonary artery (carrying deoxygenated blood) and two pulmonary veins (carrying oxygenated blood).
Lymphatic Drainage: The superficial plexus lies deep to the visceral pleura, draining the lung parenchyma and visceral pleura. Deep lymphatic plexus is in the submucosa of bronchi and peribronchial tissue, often draining into the intrinsic pulmonary lymph nodes. Lymph from lungs drains into pulmonary and bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes, then tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes and paratracheal nodes, with the right and left lymphatic drainage proceeding to the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, respectively.
Innervation: Primarily from the pulmonary plexus (a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers) following the trachea and bronchial tree, anterior portion of the pulmonary plexus is anterior to the root of the lung, while the posterior plexus is found posterior to the root of the lung.
Pleura: A serous membrane, consisting of two layers, the visceral (inner) and parietal (outer). Visceral pleura adheres directly to the lung; parietal pleura lines the inner thoracic cavity.
Pleural fluid: Located within the pleural space (the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura) and serves to reduce friction, allowing the lungs to move smoothly on the inner thoracic cavity.
Pleural Recesses: The costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic recesses; these are potential spaces that don't contain the lung typically; Expansion into these spaces occurs only during forced inspiration.
Pleura Vascularization: Blood vessels supplying the parietal pleura include intercostal arteries, internal thoracic arteries, and superior phrenic arteries.
Pleural Innervation: Intercostal nerves innervate the costal parietal pleura & the peripheral portion of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura, while phrenic nerves innervate the central part of the diaphragmatic parietal pleura and the mediastinal parietal pleura. Nerve fibers are sensitive to pain
Pleural Fluid Accumulation: Fluid buildup in the pleural space is called a pleural effusion.

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Description

Explore the complexities of the respiratory system, focusing on the lungs and pleura. Understand the structural and functional roles of the thoracic cavity, including its significance in respiration and protection of vital organs. This quiz covers essential concepts related to the lungs, pleura, and thoracic anatomy.