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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
Which of the following organs is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide?
During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?
What is the total amount of air that can be exhaled after inhaling as much as possible?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
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What is the average respiratory rate for adults?
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What is the amount of air that can be inhaled forcefully beyond the tidal volume?
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Which of the following is the correct order of air passage during inhalation?
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What is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?
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What is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhaling as much as possible?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Brings oxygen into the body
- Removes carbon dioxide from the body
- Regulates pH levels by removing excess hydrogen ions
- Filters out dust, bacteria, and other particles from the air
Organs of the Respiratory System
- Nose and Mouth: air enters the body through the nose or mouth
- Pharynx (Throat): air passes through the pharynx, which is shared with the digestive system
- Larynx (Voice Box): air passes through the larynx, which contains the vocal cords
- Trachea (Windpipe): air passes through the trachea, which divides into two bronchi
- Bronchi: two primary bronchi, one for each lung, which branch into smaller bronchioles
- Bronchioles: tiny airways that lead to the alveoli
- Alveoli: tiny sacs where gas exchange occurs (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out)
- Lungs: two organs responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Diaphragm: a muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and helps expand the lungs
Mechanism of Breathing
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Inhalation:
- Diaphragm contracts and flattens
- Rib cage expands and moves upward
- Air enters the lungs through the nose or mouth
-
Exhalation:
- Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped
- Rib cage descends and moves downward
- Air leaves the lungs through the nose or mouth
Respiratory Volumes
- Tidal Volume (TV): the amount of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath
- Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): the amount of air that can be inhaled forcefully beyond the tidal volume
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): the amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully beyond the tidal volume
- Residual Volume (RV): the amount of air remaining in the lungs after exhaling as much as possible
- Vital Capacity (VC): the total amount of air that can be exhaled after inhaling as much as possible (TV + IRV + ERV)
Respiratory Rate
- The number of breaths per minute (bpm)
- Average respiratory rate for adults: 12-20 bpm
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Description
Learn about the functions of the respiratory system, including bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. Understand the organs involved and the mechanism of breathing. Quiz yourself on respiratory volumes and rate.
