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What is the primary function of the epiglottis?
What is the primary function of the epiglottis?
The pharyngeal tonsil is located at the base of the tongue.
The pharyngeal tonsil is located at the base of the tongue.
False
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
What is the common name for the pharyngeal tonsil?
What is the common name for the pharyngeal tonsil?
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The nasal cavity plays no role in warming incoming air.
The nasal cavity plays no role in warming incoming air.
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The _______ are lymphatic tissues that help protect the body from infection.
The _______ are lymphatic tissues that help protect the body from infection.
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Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for sound production?
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for sound production?
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What are the main structures included in the upper respiratory tract?
What are the main structures included in the upper respiratory tract?
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The _______ separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.
The _______ separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.
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Match the following structures with their locations:
Match the following structures with their locations:
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Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the nasal mucosa?
Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the nasal mucosa?
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If food enters the larynx, it will trigger a cough reflex.
If food enters the larynx, it will trigger a cough reflex.
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Name the projections on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Name the projections on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
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What are the two main roles of the larynx?
What are the two main roles of the larynx?
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Match the following respiratory structures with their functions:
Match the following respiratory structures with their functions:
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The mucus in the nasal cavity traps incoming ______ and debris.
The mucus in the nasal cavity traps incoming ______ and debris.
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What is the primary function of the trachealis muscle?
What is the primary function of the trachealis muscle?
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The right main bronchus is longer than the left main bronchus.
The right main bronchus is longer than the left main bronchus.
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What are the two types of pleura that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity?
What are the two types of pleura that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity?
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The _____ maneuver is used to expel an obstructing piece of food from a person's airway.
The _____ maneuver is used to expel an obstructing piece of food from a person's airway.
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Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
Match the following components of the respiratory system with their functions:
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What can pleurisy, an inflammation of the pleurae, result from?
What can pleurisy, an inflammation of the pleurae, result from?
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The respiratory zone includes structures such as respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts.
The respiratory zone includes structures such as respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts.
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How many lobes does the right lung have?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
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What is the main function of alveolar macrophages?
What is the main function of alveolar macrophages?
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Pulmonary ventilation is the process by which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillary blood.
Pulmonary ventilation is the process by which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillary blood.
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What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during inhalation?
What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during inhalation?
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The process where gases are exchanged between the blood and body cells is known as __________.
The process where gases are exchanged between the blood and body cells is known as __________.
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Match the following respiratory processes with their definitions:
Match the following respiratory processes with their definitions:
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Which of the following statements about expiration is true?
Which of the following statements about expiration is true?
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During atelectasis, the lungs maintain normal ventilation capability.
During atelectasis, the lungs maintain normal ventilation capability.
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What is the typical tidal volume during normal quiet breathing?
What is the typical tidal volume during normal quiet breathing?
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What is the primary function of the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
What is the primary function of the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?
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Residual volume is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs.
Residual volume is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs.
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What device is used to measure respiratory capacities?
What device is used to measure respiratory capacities?
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Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as a ______ ion.
Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as a ______ ion.
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Which of the following represents the total amount of exchangeable air?
Which of the following represents the total amount of exchangeable air?
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Match the respiratory sounds with their descriptions:
Match the respiratory sounds with their descriptions:
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Internal respiration is the gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli.
Internal respiration is the gas exchange that occurs in the alveoli.
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What is the approximate volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal expiration?
What is the approximate volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal expiration?
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What is the primary function of internal respiration?
What is the primary function of internal respiration?
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Hypoxia refers to the condition of having too much oxygen in the tissues.
Hypoxia refers to the condition of having too much oxygen in the tissues.
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What is the role of the medulla oblongata in respiration?
What is the role of the medulla oblongata in respiration?
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___ is the process characterized by increased breathing rate and depth beyond the body's needs.
___ is the process characterized by increased breathing rate and depth beyond the body's needs.
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?
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What major lifestyle factor is commonly associated with COPD?
What major lifestyle factor is commonly associated with COPD?
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The phrenic nerves are responsible for regulating the activity of the ___ muscles during respiration.
The phrenic nerves are responsible for regulating the activity of the ___ muscles during respiration.
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Match the respiratory conditions with their descriptions:
Match the respiratory conditions with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Overview
- The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
- Respiratory organs include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs (containing alveoli).
- Gas exchange occurs only in the alveoli.
- Upper respiratory tract: structures from nose to larynx
- Lower respiratory tract: structures from trachea to alveoli
- Conducting pathways purify, humidify, and warm air.
Nose
- External part of the respiratory system.
- Divided by a nasal septum.
- Olfactory receptors for smell are located in the superior nasal cavity, near the ethmoid bone.
- Respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity creates mucus to moisten and trap foreign particles. Lysozymes in the mucosa destroy bacteria.
- Conchae (3 projections) increase surface area.
- Nasal cavity separated from oral cavity by the palate (hard anteriorly, soft posteriorly).
Paranasal Sinuses
- Surrounding the nasal cavity, located in the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones.
- Lighten the skull and act as resonance chambers.
- Produce mucus that drains into nasal cavities.
Pharynx (Throat)
- Muscular passageway, about 13 cm long.
- Common passage for food and air.
- Connects nasal cavity to larynx and esophagus.
- Has three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
- Food is directed to the esophagus by the epiglottis.
- Auditory tubes (eustachian tubes) open into the nasopharynx.
- Tonsils (pharyngeal, palatine, lingual) are located in the pharynx; part of the lymphatic system.
Larynx (Voice Box)
- Inferior to the pharynx.
- Formed by 8 rigid cartilages.
- Epiglottis (spoon-shaped flap) guards airway during swallowing.
- Vocal folds (true vocal cords) vibrate to produce sound.
- Glottis is the slitlike passage between vocal folds.
- Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is the largest cartilage.
Trachea (Windpipe)
- From larynx to thoracic cavity (midchest).
- Reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings.
- Lined with cilia that move mucus upward.
- Goblet cells produce mucus to trap debris.
- Trachealis muscle is posterior to allow esophagus expansion.
Bronchi
- Trachea divides into the left and right bronchi which enter the lungs.
- Right bronchus wider and shorter than left.
Lungs
- Occupy thoracic cavity (except mediastinum).
- Apex (superior) sits above clavicle.
- Base sits on diaphragm.
- Divided into lobes (left lung - 2 lobes, right lung - 3 lobes).
- Covered by pulmonary pleura.
Bronchial Tree
- Bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller bronchioles.
- Alveoli (tiny air sacs) form the respiratory zone, site of gas exchange.
- Alveolar pores connect alveoli for alternate air routes.
- Alveolar macrophages ("dust cells") remove debris.
- Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse.
Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
- Inspiration: thoracic cavity volume increases, lung pressure decreases, air moves in.
- Expiration: thoracic cavity volume decreases, lung pressure increases, air moves out.
- Tidal volume (TV): amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath.
- Reserve volumes (inspiratory, expiratory): volumes of air that can be inhaled or exhaled beyond normal TV.
- Vital capacity: total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.
External Respiration
- Gas exchange between alveoli and blood (pulmonary).
- Oxygen loading, Carbon dioxide unloading.
- Blood from the pulmonary circuit changes from dark red to bright red.
Internal Respiration
- Gas exchange between blood and tissues.
- Oxygen unloading, Carbon dioxide loading.
- Blood changes from bright red to dark red.
Regulation of Respiration
- Neural centers in the medulla oblongata and pons control respiratory rhythm and depth.
- Chemical factors (e.g., CO2 levels, blood pH) also play a role in regulating breathing.
- Emotional factors can affect breathing rate and depth.
Nonrespiratory Air Movements
- Coughing, sneezing, crying, laughing, hiccups, yawning, are non-respiratory air movements.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Major causes of death and disability worldwide.
- Often associated with smoking.
- Emphysema, chronic bronchitis are examples of COPD.
- Characterized by labored breathing episodes and lung infections.
Other Respiratory Conditions
- Conditions like sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), infant respiratory distress syndrome(IRDS), and cystic fibrosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with this quiz! You'll explore the functions of various structures such as the epiglottis, alveoli, and larynx, and their roles in maintaining respiratory health. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or physiology.
