Questions and Answers
What is the midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs called?
Hilum
What is the opening between the vocal cords called?
Glottis
What do we call the second division of the pharynx between the soft palate and upper edge of the epiglottis?
Oropharynx
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cilia?
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What is the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree called?
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What is the windpipe also called?
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What is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body and its environment through the movement of air in and out of the lungs?
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What is the voice box also known as?
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What broad band of muscle separates the chest and abdomen and contracts and expands during respiration?
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The _________ prevents choking or aspiration of food.
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What is the region between the lungs in the chest cavity called?
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What is an alveolus?
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What does the combining form pharyng/o mean?
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The right lung has three ________, whereas the left lung has ____.
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What are the entrances to the respiratory passageway called?
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The ________ of the lung rests on the diaphragm.
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What is the air-containing cavity in the bones near the nose called?
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What is the medical term for chronic dilation of the bronchi?
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What describes fluid from tumors or infections that can cause pleural effusion?
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__________ ectasis means incomplete expansion of a lung.
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What is the medical term for the collection of air in the pleural space?
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What does pneum/o refer to?
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What is cystic fibrosis?
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DOE stands for _____ on exertion.
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Pneumonia is an acute inflammation and infection of __________.
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What does COPD stand for?
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__________ is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection characterized by sudden coughing and a whooping inhalation.
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__________ is a viral infection with obstruction of the larynx.
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Pleural _______ is the scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
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_____________ is an infectious disease caused by rod-shaped bacteria called bacilli and usually involves the lungs.
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A high-pitched sound produced by the larynx or pharynx on inspiration is _______.
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What are crackling sounds heard during inspiration when the alveoli are filled with secretions called?
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What is an acute bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes a leathery false membrane to form in the throat and the tonsils?
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What is a chronic, intermittent bronchial inflammatory disorder also known as reactive airway disease?
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Asbestosis is a form of what?
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What structure primarily affects Emphysema?
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What is the abbreviation for non-small cell lung cancer?
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The medical term for nosebleed is _____________.
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What is the lung disorder strongly associated with cigarette smoking?
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Pulmonary _________ is the formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Terms
- Hilum: Midline region where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter/exit the lungs.
- Glottis: The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx.
- Oropharynx: The second division of the pharynx located between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis.
- Bronchiole: The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree.
- Trachea: Commonly referred to as the windpipe, it connects the larynx to the bronchi.
- Respiration: The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and environment through lung air movement.
- Larynx: Also known as the voice box, it houses the vocal cords.
- Diaphragm (phren/o): A broad muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen, crucial for breathing.
- Epiglottis: Prevents choking by covering the trachea during swallowing.
- Mediastinum: The central area of the chest cavity between the lungs.
- Air Sac: An alveolus, essential for gas exchange in the lungs.
- Pharyng/o: Combining form related to the throat.
Lung Anatomy and Function
- Lung Lobes: The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two for cardiac space accommodation.
- Nares: The external openings to the respiratory passageway, allowing air entry.
- Base of the Lung: Rests on the diaphragm, facilitating respiratory movement.
- Paranasal Sinus: Air-filled cavities in the bones around the nose that aid in resonance and filtering air.
Pulmonary Health Conditions
- Bronchiectasis: Medical term for chronic dilation of the bronchi, leading to compromised airway function.
- Pleural Effusion: Fluid accumulation in the pleural space, caused by tumors or infections.
- Pneumothorax: Condition characterized by the collection of air in the pleural space, potentially leading to lung collapse.
- Cystic Fibrosis: Genetic disorder affecting mucous membranes of the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands.
- Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE): Difficulty breathing during physical activity.
- Pneumonia: Acute infection and inflammation of alveoli, which may fill with pus.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing difficult.
- Pertussis: Also known as whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing.
- Croup: Viral infection causing obstruction in the larynx, often seen in children.
Respiratory Sounds and Signs
- Stridor: A high-pitched sound indicating obstruction in the larynx or pharynx during inhalation.
- Rales: Crackling sounds during inspiration, indicating fluid in alveoli.
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection that leads to a leathery false membrane in the throat and tonsils.
- Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial tubes causing wheezing and shortness of breath.
- Pneumoconiosis: Lung disease caused by inhalation of dust, including asbestosis as a specific type.
- Epistaxis: Medical term for nosebleed, often resulting from trauma or underlying conditions.
Relevant Causes and Associations
- Cigarette Smoking: Strongly associated with lung disorders, particularly emphysema and other COPD conditions.
- Pulmonary Fibrosis: Formation of scar tissue in lungs, impacting their ability to function properly.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to the respiratory system with these flashcards. This module covers important anatomical structures and functions, providing essential definitions to enhance your understanding of respiratory physiology.
