38 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of gas exchange in the lungs?
Diffusion
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoes lung function testing. Which of the following results would be expected?
Increased residual volume (RV)
A patient with asthma undergoes arterial blood gas measurement. What would be expected in an acute asthma attack?
Respiratory acidosis
What is the primary characteristic of obstructive lung disease?
Increased airway resistance
A patient with chronic bronchitis undergoes lung function testing. Which of the following results would be expected?
Increased residual volume (RV)
What is tachypnea characterized by?
High respiratory rate
In lung function testing, what does FEV1 measure?
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
What is a characteristic of obstructive lung diseases?
Increased airflow resistance
What is the term for a condition where there is too much carbon dioxide in the blood?
Hypercapnea
What is the term for difficulty breathing, often experienced by patients with obstructive lung diseases?
Dyspnea
What is the primary function of the diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts to increase chest volume
Which of the following would be expected in a patient with respiratory acidosis?
Decreased pH and increased CO2
What is the primary characteristic of conducting airways?
No gaseous exchange occurs
What is the term for the ability of the lungs to stretch and expand?
Lung compliance
What is the primary function of surfactant in the alveoli?
To decrease surface tension
What is the primary function of bronchodilators?
Dilate muscle in airway
What is the main risk factor for developing COPD?
Smoking
What is chronic bronchitis characterized by?
Persistent cough with sputum for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years
What is the term for the constriction of airway muscle, increasing airway resistance?
Bronchoconstriction
What is the primary function of inhaled corticosteroids?
Reduce inflammation and mucus secretion
What is the term for progressive dyspnea, cough, wheezing, weight loss, finger clubbing, and cyanosis?
COPD
What is the effect of adrenaline on airway muscle?
Dilation
What is the term for the resistance to airflow in the airways?
Airway resistance
What is the primary characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Progressive airflow obstruction
What is the primary purpose of measuring forced vital capacity (FVC) in pulmonary function tests?
To diagnose obstructive lung diseases
A patient with respiratory acidosis is likely to have which of the following blood gas measurements?
High CO2 levels and low pH
What is the significance of a low O2 saturation level in arterial blood gas measurements?
It suggests a issue with hemoglobin carrying oxygen
Which of the following pulmonary function tests is used to measure lung volumes?
Pulmonary volume test
In chronic bronchitis, what is the primary mechanism leading to hypoventilation and increased CO2 retention?
Decreased respiratory drive
Which of the following is a consequence of airway obstruction, V/Q mismatch, and pulmonary capillary vasoconstriction?
Hypoxemia
In emphysema, what is the primary mechanism leading to functional obstruction?
Loss of elastic tissue in lungs
What is the primary mechanism by which smoking directly contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?
Inhibition of ciliary function and mucus clearance
In chronic bronchitis, what is the consequence of chronic hypercapnia?
Hypoxic drive
What is the characteristic pulmonary function test result in patients with emphysema?
Obstructive lung disease pattern with decreased diffusion capacity
What is the typical arterial blood gas finding in patients with COPD at rest?
Normal blood gas levels due to compensation
What is the primary mechanism of mucous obstruction in cystic fibrosis?
Reduced CFTR function leading to increased mucous viscosity
What is the characteristic lung finding in patients with emphysema?
Lung hyperinflation
Which of the following is a therapeutic approach for cystic fibrosis?
Removal of mucous and bronchodilators
Test your knowledge on respiratory system diseases, including Obstructive Lung Disease, Asthma, COPD, and Edema. Learn about the symptoms, causes, and characteristics of these diseases. Evaluate your understanding of respiratory system disorders.
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