Questions and Answers
What is the nostrils' primary function?
What is the space inside the nose lined with mucus membrane called?
nasal cavity
What are the air cavities in the bones of the face near the nose called?
paranasal sinuses
What is the first division of the pharynx where the nasal passages and throat join?
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What are the lymphatic tissues located in the nasopharynx called?
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What is the mass of lymphatic tissue located in the oropharynx?
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What is the third division of the pharynx that acts as a common tube for food and air?
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What is the voice box referred to as?
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What is the food tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach?
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What piece of cartilage covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the airway?
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What is the windpipe that connects the pharynx to the bronchi?
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What is the space between the lungs that contains various vital structures?
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What are the branches of the trachea that serve as passageways into the lungs?
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What do we call the pair of organs into which air travels and gas exchange occurs?
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What are the very small ends of the bronchioles that lead to the alveoli called?
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What are the air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place?
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What are the single layer blood vessels that surround other tissues?
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What are the red blood cells that carry oxygen called?
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What is the outer layer of the two-layer lining surrounding the lungs called?
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What is the inner layer of the two-layer lining surrounding the lungs called?
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What muscle divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities and assists with breathing?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System Components
- Nose (nares): The nostrils serve as the entry point for air into the nasal cavities.
- Nasal Cavity: Located inside the nose, lined with mucus and cilia, responsible for warming and moistening inhaled air.
- Paranasal Sinuses: Air-filled cavities situated in the bones near the nose, contributing to voice resonance and reducing weight of the skull.
- Nasopharynx: The upper segment of the pharynx where nasal passages meet the throat; crucial for airflow.
- Adenoids: Also known as pharyngeal tonsils, these are lymphatic tissues located in the nasopharynx that play a role in immune defense.
- Palatine Tonsils: Masses of lymphatic tissue found in the oropharynx, involved in immune response.
Pharynx Subdivisions
- Laryngopharynx: The lower part of the pharynx, it serves as a passageway for both food and air.
- Larynx: Commonly known as the voice box, it plays a vital role in sound production as well as protecting the trachea against food aspiration.
Connecting Structures
- Esophagus: The tube that conveys food from the pharynx to the stomach, distinct from the airway.
- Epiglottis: A flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
Bronchial System
- Trachea: Also referred to as the windpipe, it connects the pharynx to the bronchi, allowing airflow to and from the lungs.
- Mediastinum: The cavity between the lungs containing critical structures such as the heart, trachea, and major blood vessels.
- Bronchial Tubes: Extensions of the trachea that bifurcate into left and right bronchi, leading into the lungs.
Lung Functionality
- Lungs: Dual organs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs, essential for respiration.
- Terminal Bronchiole: Smallest branches of the bronchioles leading directly to the alveoli for gas exchange.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the bloodstream.
Blood Involvement
- Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels that envelop alveoli, allowing for the transfer of gases between air and blood.
- Erythrocytes: Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Pleural Layers
- Parietal Pleura: The outer membrane covering the lungs, providing a protective layer.
- Visceral Pleura: The inner membrane that adheres directly to the lung surface, facilitating lung expansion and contraction.
Breathing Mechanism
- Diaphragm: A major respiratory muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, playing a critical role in inhalation and exhalation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the components of the respiratory system, including the functions of the nose, sinuses, and pharynx. This quiz covers key structures like the larynx, tonsils, and their roles in respiration and immune defense.
