30 Questions
What is the effect of CO2 combining with water in cerebrospinal fluid?
Releases hydrogen ions
What happens when peripheral chemoreceptors sense low oxygen levels?
Alveolar ventilation increases
What is the effect of stretching of lung tissue on breathing?
Reduces the duration of inspiratory movements
What is the effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels?
Decreases CO2 levels
What is the purpose of breathing into a paper bag during hyperventilation?
To increase CO2 levels
What is the effect of rapid, shallow breathing on O2 levels?
Increases O2 levels
What is the primary function of internal respiration?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue capillaries and tissue cells
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue capillary?
40 mmHg
What is the effect of high blood temperature on oxygen release from hemoglobin?
It increases oxygen release
What is the result of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
What percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as bicarbonate ions?
7%
What is the primary function of oxyhemoglobin?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
What happens to the membranes during inspiration?
They move together
What aids maximal inspiration?
Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor muscles
What is the main factor that aids expiration?
Elastic recoil of tissues that were stretched during inspiration
What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
To decrease the surface tension in the lungs
What is Atelectasis?
A condition where the alveoli are collapsed
Why do premature newborns experience Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
Due to the lack of surfactant in the alveoli
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
To provide a large surface area for gas exchange
What is the name of the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?
Parietal pleura
How many alveoli are present in the lungs?
More than 300 million
What is the shape of the lungs?
Cone-shaped
What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?
To allow the two pleural membranes to act as one
How many lobes are present in the right lung?
3
What is the main function of the trachea?
To warm, moisten and filter air
What is the name of the airways that lead from the trachea to microscopic air sacs in the lungs?
Bronchial tree
What is the purpose of the C-shaped plates in the bronchi?
To provide structural support
What is the name of the smallest airways that branch into respiratory bronchioles?
Terminal bronchioles
What is the name of the tiny air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place?
Alveoli
What is the direction of the epithelial change in the bronchial tree from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles?
From ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
Learn about the organs of the respiratory system, including the trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. Understand the function of these organs in supporting respiration and maintaining overall health.
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