Respiratory System Chapter 19
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of CO2 combining with water in cerebrospinal fluid?

  • Releases oxygen ions
  • Releases hydrogen ions (correct)
  • Inhibits alveolar ventilation
  • Triggers an inflation reflex

    • What happens when peripheral chemoreceptors sense low oxygen levels?

  • Alveolar ventilation decreases
  • Breathing becomes slower and deeper
  • Inflation reflex is triggered
  • Alveolar ventilation increases (correct)

    • What is the effect of stretching of lung tissue on breathing?

  • Increases the duration of inspiratory movements
  • Increases alveolar ventilation
  • Reduces the duration of inspiratory movements (correct)
  • Decreases O2 levels

    • What is the effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels?

    <p>Decreases CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of breathing into a paper bag during hyperventilation?

    <p>To increase CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rapid, shallow breathing on O2 levels?

    <p>Increases O2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of internal respiration?

    <p>The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue capillaries and tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue capillary?

    <p>40 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high blood temperature on oxygen release from hemoglobin?

    <p>It increases oxygen release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of carbon monoxide poisoning?

    <p>Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as bicarbonate ions?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxyhemoglobin?

    <p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the membranes during inspiration?

    <p>They move together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids maximal inspiration?

    <p>Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that aids expiration?

    <p>Elastic recoil of tissues that were stretched during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?

    <p>To decrease the surface tension in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Atelectasis?

    <p>A condition where the alveoli are collapsed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do premature newborns experience Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

    <p>Due to the lack of surfactant in the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>To provide a large surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alveoli are present in the lungs?

    <p>More than 300 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lungs?

    <p>Cone-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?

    <p>To allow the two pleural membranes to act as one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes are present in the right lung?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the trachea?

    <p>To warm, moisten and filter air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the airways that lead from the trachea to microscopic air sacs in the lungs?

    <p>Bronchial tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the C-shaped plates in the bronchi?

    <p>To provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the smallest airways that branch into respiratory bronchioles?

    <p>Terminal bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tiny air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the epithelial change in the bronchial tree from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles?

    <p>From ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to nonciliated simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

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