Respiratory System Chapter 19

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of CO2 combining with water in cerebrospinal fluid?

  • Releases oxygen ions
  • Releases hydrogen ions (correct)
  • Inhibits alveolar ventilation
  • Triggers an inflation reflex

What happens when peripheral chemoreceptors sense low oxygen levels?

  • Alveolar ventilation decreases
  • Breathing becomes slower and deeper
  • Inflation reflex is triggered
  • Alveolar ventilation increases (correct)

What is the effect of stretching of lung tissue on breathing?

  • Increases the duration of inspiratory movements
  • Increases alveolar ventilation
  • Reduces the duration of inspiratory movements (correct)
  • Decreases O2 levels

What is the effect of hyperventilation on CO2 levels?

<p>Decreases CO2 levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of breathing into a paper bag during hyperventilation?

<p>To increase CO2 levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rapid, shallow breathing on O2 levels?

<p>Increases O2 levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of internal respiration?

<p>The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue capillaries and tissue cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue capillary?

<p>40 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high blood temperature on oxygen release from hemoglobin?

<p>It increases oxygen release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of carbon monoxide poisoning?

<p>Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as bicarbonate ions?

<p>7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxyhemoglobin?

<p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the membranes during inspiration?

<p>They move together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aids maximal inspiration?

<p>Contraction of the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that aids expiration?

<p>Elastic recoil of tissues that were stretched during inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?

<p>To decrease the surface tension in the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Atelectasis?

<p>A condition where the alveoli are collapsed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do premature newborns experience Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

<p>Due to the lack of surfactant in the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To provide a large surface area for gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?

<p>Parietal pleura (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many alveoli are present in the lungs?

<p>More than 300 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the lungs?

<p>Cone-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pleural fluid?

<p>To allow the two pleural membranes to act as one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes are present in the right lung?

<p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachea?

<p>To warm, moisten and filter air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the airways that lead from the trachea to microscopic air sacs in the lungs?

<p>Bronchial tree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the C-shaped plates in the bronchi?

<p>To provide structural support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the smallest airways that branch into respiratory bronchioles?

<p>Terminal bronchioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tiny air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place?

<p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the epithelial change in the bronchial tree from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles?

<p>From ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to nonciliated simple columnar epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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