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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- To circulate blood and transport oxygen.
- To digest food and absorb nutrients.
- To filter waste products from the blood.
- To obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide. (correct)
The diaphragm contracts during exhalation, reducing the volume of the lungs.
The diaphragm contracts during exhalation, reducing the volume of the lungs.
False (B)
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the trachea?
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the trachea?
epiglottis
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the ______.
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the ______.
Match each part of the respiratory system with its function:
Match each part of the respiratory system with its function:
Which structure is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems?
Which structure is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems?
The pleura is a single-layered membrane that protects the lungs.
The pleura is a single-layered membrane that protects the lungs.
What is the process by which gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the lungs?
What is the process by which gases move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the lungs?
The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings made of ______.
The trachea is supported by C-shaped rings made of ______.
What is the role of cilia in the trachea?
What is the role of cilia in the trachea?
Bronchioles directly connect to the trachea.
Bronchioles directly connect to the trachea.
What muscle separates the lungs from the abdomen and aids in breathing?
What muscle separates the lungs from the abdomen and aids in breathing?
The fluid between the two layers of the pleura is called ______ fluid.
The fluid between the two layers of the pleura is called ______ fluid.
What happens to the concentration of oxygen in the blood as it passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
What happens to the concentration of oxygen in the blood as it passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
Carbon dioxide moves from the alveoli into the blood during gas exchange.
Carbon dioxide moves from the alveoli into the blood during gas exchange.
Name the three stages of pulmonary ventilation.
Name the three stages of pulmonary ventilation.
The ______ vibrate to produce sound in the larynx.
The ______ vibrate to produce sound in the larynx.
What is the purpose of the mucus in the nostrils?
What is the purpose of the mucus in the nostrils?
The bronchioles get larger in diameter as they branch away from the bronchi.
The bronchioles get larger in diameter as they branch away from the bronchi.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
The process where our body uses oxygen to produce energy at a cellular level.
Goal of the Respiratory System
Goal of the Respiratory System
Obtaining oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide from the body.
Respiratory Tract
Respiratory Tract
The group of tubes carrying air into and out of the lungs.
Components of the Respiratory Tract
Components of the Respiratory Tract
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Lungs
Lungs
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Pleura
Pleura
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Function of Nostrils
Function of Nostrils
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Pharynx
Pharynx
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Epiglottis
Epiglottis
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Larynx
Larynx
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Trachea
Trachea
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Bronchi
Bronchi
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Bronchioles
Bronchioles
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Gas Diffusion
Gas Diffusion
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Inhalation
Inhalation
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Gas Exchange in Lungs
Gas Exchange in Lungs
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Exhalation
Exhalation
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Study Notes
- The body requires oxygen for cellular respiration in the mitochondria to produce energy.
- The respiratory system facilitates oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release.
Respiratory System Division
- The respiratory system consists of the respiratory tract and the lungs.
Respiratory Tract (Airways)
- A series of tubes that transport air between the body's exterior and the lungs.
- Composed of the nostrils, pharynx (epiglottis), larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
- Bronchioles terminate in alveoli, which are thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries.
Lungs
- Located in the rib cage and separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm.
- Two spongy organs enclosed by a double membrane called the pleura, filled with pleural fluid.
- Pleural fluid reduces friction between the lungs and rib cage during breathing.
Respiratory System Anatomy
Nostrils
- Possess capillaries that warm incoming air.
- Mucus humidifies air and defends against microorganisms.
- Tiny hairs prevent entry of foreign substances.
Pharynx
- A shared tube for both the digestive and respiratory systems.
- The epiglottis acts as a flap to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract.
Larynx
- The epiglottis regulates entry to the larynx which is a fibrous structure.
- Cartilage walls keep the larynx open.
- Contains vocal cords that vibrate with airflow to produce sound, modified by the tongue, lips, and teeth.
Trachea
- A tube with c-shaped cartilage rings open at the back.
- Mucus traps foreign particles, which are then moved towards the pharynx by cilia.
- Cilia are vibrating filaments.
- Mucus is then directed to the oesophagus and stomach, or expelled as spittle.
Bronchi
- The trachea divides into two bronchi.
- Each bronchus connects to a lung.
Bronchioles
- Each bronchus branches into smaller bronchioles.
- The terminal branches end in pulmonary alveoli.
- Pulmonary alveoli are covered by blood capillaries for gas exchange.
Lungs
- Consist of bronchi, bronchioles, pulmonary alveoli, and a capillary network.
- Enclosed by the pleura, which has two membranes with fluid in between.
- The fluid keeps the membranes together whilst also allowing movement.
Gas Exchange
- Occurs in the bronchioles via diffusion, where gases move from high to low concentration areas.
- Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the capillaries due to higher concentration in the air.
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli due to higher concentration in the blood.
- The carbon dioxide in the alveoli is then released from the body.
Pulmonary Ventilation
- Consists of inhalation, gas exchange, and exhalation.
Inhalation
- Air enters the lungs as the diaphragm contracts and the lungs expand.
- Air enters through the mouth or nasal passages, where it is warmed.
Gas Exchange
- Gases move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.
- Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood.
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to alveoli.
Exhalation
- The diaphragm relaxes and the lungs reduce in volume, expelling air with carbon dioxide.
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