Respiratory System Anatomy

What is the primary function of the nasal breathing?

What is the site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

What is the relationship between volume and pressure in a gas at a constant temperature?

What is the smallest type of bronchiole that leads to an alveolar duct?

What is the term for the process by which we move air into and out of the lungs?

What is the force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined?

What is the primary role of the scaleni, sternocleidomastoid, and pectorals during breathing?

What happens to the thoracic cavity during expiration?

What is the main mechanism behind normal expiration?

During heavy exercise, what happens to the inspiratory muscles?

What is the result of the increasing intrapulmonary pressure during expiration?

What would be the likely effect of having a larger thoracic cavity than normal?

What is the primary stimulus that triggers the central chemoreceptors to increase respiration?

What is the effect of high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood on respiration?

What is the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and hydrogen ion levels in the blood?

What is the role of the medulla oblongata and pons in respiration?

What is the effect of low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood on respiration?

What is the primary factor that stimulates the medulla oblongata and pons to produce respiration?

What is the primary molecule that chemoreceptors are able to sense?

What is the effect of an increase in body temperature on respiratory rate?

What happens to oxygen when oxygenated blood reaches muscle cells?

What is the role of myoglobin in oxygen transport?

What is the net result of gas exchange in the lungs?

What is the role of the hypothalamus and other brain regions in regulating breathing?

What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen binds to muscle cells?

What is the effect of increased lactate production on oxygen delivery and uptake?

What is the primary factor that influences oxygen delivery and uptake during exercise?

What is the fate of carbon dioxide produced by muscle cells?

What is the effect of increased blood flow on oxygen delivery and uptake?

What is the role of the electron transport chain in muscle cells?

What happens to the intrapulmonary pressure during expiration?

Which muscle helps to pull the ribs down during expiration?

What is the process by which air leaves the lungs during expiration?

Which muscle group assists the internal intercostal muscles during expiration?

What is the result of increased intrapulmonary pressure during expiration?

What is the main reason for air flowing into the lungs?

What happens to the pressure in a container when the volume increases?

During expiration, what happens to the pressure within the lungs?

What is the direction of airflow during inspiration?

What is the force created by the movement of gas molecules that are confined?

What is the relationship between intra-alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure?

What is the primary function of the pulmonary capillary network?

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of airway diameter?

What is the purpose of the transport/conduction zone in the respiratory system?

What is the result of the autonomic nervous system control on the lungs?

What is the pathway of air through the respiratory system during inhalation?

What is the site where the capillary wall meets the alveolar wall?

What is the range of normal respiratory rate in adolescents?

What stimulates the respiratory centers to initiate the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

What is the relationship between the stimulus and the response in regulating respiratory rate and depth?

What is the result of low levels of CO2 in the blood on respiratory rate and depth?

What part of the brain regulates the respiratory rate and depth in response to systemic stimuli?

What is the primary mechanism by which the respiratory system responds to increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood?

What is the primary function of the respiratory pump?

What happens to the great veins when intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure increases?

What is the result of the milking action of the respiratory pump on the veins?

What is the effect of decreased intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure on the veins?

What is the relationship between the respiratory pump and venous return?

What is the mechanism by which the respiratory pump aids in venous return?

$CO_2$ is transported from the metabolically active tissues to the lungs through the blood.

The four processes involved in the delivery of $O_2$ to and removal of $CO_2$ from the body tissues are external respiration, internal respiration, pulmonary ventilation, and transport of gases.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs and thoracic cavity.

Each lung is composed of lobes separated by fissures.

Gas exchange occurs between the capillaries and metabolically active tissues.

The respiratory system provides an ineffective delivery system of $O_2$ to and removal of $CO_2$ from all the body tissues.

The right lung is larger and shorter than the left lung.

The cardiac notch is an indentation on the surface of the right lung.

The thoracic cavity and lungs increase in volume during expiration, causing a decrease in intrapulmonary pressure.

The pleural sacs surround the heart.

The left lung consists of three lobes: the superior, middle, and inferior lobes.

The latissimus dorsi and quadratus lumborum muscles are involved in the process of inspiration.

The lungs are directly attached to the ribs.

The elastic recoil of the lung tissue occurs during inspiration.

The primary function of the lungs is to perform gas exchange and produce oxygen.

The abdominal muscles are involved in the active process of expiration.

The relaxation of the inspiratory muscles is the primary mechanism behind normal expiration.

The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The autonomic nervous system controls the dilation and constriction of the airway through the sympathetic nervous system.

The respiratory membrane is formed by the capillary wall meeting the alveolar wall.

The primary function of the pulmonary veins is to carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The pulmonary capillary network is responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the alveoli.

The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller airways, eventually forming the pulmonary capillary network.

The medulla oblongata and pons are stimulated to produce respiration by low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

The main mechanism by which the respiratory system responds to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood is to increase the rate and depth of ventilation.

The increase in hydrogen ions in the brain triggers the peripheral chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory centers to initiate contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

Systemic arterial concentrations of oxygen ions have a direct influence on the respiratory activity of the brain.

The removal of carbon dioxide from the blood helps decrease the pH level, making the blood more acidic.

The primary mechanism by which the respiratory system responds to increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood is to decrease the rate and depth of ventilation.