Respiratory System

The respiratory system is divided into two main groups: the conducting zone and the respiratory zone.

True (A)

The primary function of the conducting zone is to carry air to the sites of gas exchange in the lungs.

<p>The actual site of gas exchange in the lungs is the respiratory zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides an airway for respiration (A), Houses olfactory receptors (B), Moistens and warms entering air (C), Filters inhaled air to cleanse it of foreign particles (D), Resonating chamber for speech (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharynx is a funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx = Posterior to the nasal cavity, serves only as an airway Oropharynx = Posterior to the oral cavity, lined with stratified squamous epithelium due to increased friction from food passing through Laryngopharynx = Common passageway for air and food, is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and conducts food and fluids to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pharyngeal tonsil provides middle ear protection from infection that may spread from the pharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The larynx is responsible for vocalization, maintaining an open airway, and directing food and air to the proper channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True vocal cords vibrate to produce basic sounds of speech, while false vocal cords, also known as vestibular folds, can enhance high-frequency sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that descends from the larynx into the mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea provide flexibility for bending and elongation, while also preventing the trachea from collapsing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bronchial tree is a system of respiratory passages that branch within the lungs, starting with the primary bronchi and ending with the terminal bronchioles and alveolar sacs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, allowing for the transfer of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place, allowing for oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity lateral to the mediastinum, with their apex (superior tip) reaching up to the clavicle and their base resting on the diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hilum is an indentation on the medial surface of the lung where blood vessels, bronchi, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cardiac notch is a deviation in the left lung that accommodates the heart, which is located on the left side of the chest cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fissures in the lungs create lobes, which are divisions of the lung tissue, and help to limit the spread of diseases within the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary arteries deliver deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it will pick up oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial arteries provide oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lungs themselves, while bronchial veins drain the blood from these tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pulmonary vessels and bronchi enter and exit the lungs through the hilum, which is an indentation on the medial surface of the lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lungs are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers that enter through the pulmonary plexus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pleura is a serous membrane that surrounds each lung like a flattened sac, with two layers: the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pleural cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral pleurae, which contains a small amount of fluid that helps to lubricate the lungs and reduce friction during breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, has two phases: inspiration, where air flows into the lungs, and expiration, where air flows out of the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The muscles involved in inspiration are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the diaphragm contracts, it moves inferiorly and flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The external intercostal muscles contract to raise the ribs, also increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expiration in healthy individuals is a passive process, driven by the elastic recoil of the lungs and the relaxation of the inspiratory muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of air into and out of the lungs, ensuring continuous replacement of gases in the alveoli.

Gas exchange between air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.

Gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells.

Respiratory structures that carry air to gas exchange sites, such as the nose and trachea.

Structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, including alveoli.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

The interior of the nose, lined with mucosa to warm, filter, and humidify inhaled air.

Part of nasal mucosa containing smell receptors.

Nasal mucosa lining most of the nasal cavity, trapping foreign particles.

Structures in the nasal cavity that increase surface area for air filtration.

The throat; a passageway for both air and food.

Upper part of pharynx, only an airway.

Middle part of the pharynx, both air and food pass through.

Lower part of the pharynx, passageway for food and air.

The voice box; contains vocal cords for sound production.

Largest laryngeal cartilage, forming Adam's apple.

Leaf-shaped cartilage that closes off the airway during swallowing.

Windpipe; tube connecting larynx to bronchi.

Branching system of tubes leading from trachea to alveoli.

The main branches of the trachea leading to the lungs.

Arteries carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Serous membrane surrounding each lung.

Inhaling; the act of drawing air into the lungs.