Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cilia in the nasal cavity?

  • To expel foreign substances trapped in mucus (correct)
  • To sense the smell of foreign substances
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To produce mucus

    • What type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

  • Elastic cartilage
  • Hyaline cartilage (correct)
  • Fibrocartilage
  • All of the above

    • What is the function of the epiglottis in the larynx?

  • To produce sound
  • To filter foreign substances
  • To remain upright during gas exchange (correct)
  • To regulate airflow

    • What is the main function of the trachea?

    <p>To allow air to pass freely to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?

    <p>Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Clara cells in the trachea?

    <p>To secrete surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is found in the lamina propria of the trachea?

    <p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the hyaline cartilage in the trachea?

    <p>C-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the conducting part of the respiratory system?

    <p>Passage of air and conditioning of the inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological characteristic of the tracheal tract?

    <p>Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, smooth muscle and cartilage rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes are present in the right lung?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

    <p>Regulate the thoracic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Passage of air and conditioning of the inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological characteristic of the bronchioles?

    <p>Cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external nares?

    <p>To allow the entry of gases into the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological characteristic of the alveolar ducts to the alveoli?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • Consists of two parts: Conducting Part (responsible for passage of air and conditioning of inspired air) and Respiratory Part (involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and inspired air)

    General Anatomy of the Respiratory System

    • Consists of a tube that divides into small branching tubes in the lungs
    • External nares → nasal cavity → nasopharynx → laryngopharynx → larynx → trachea → primary bronchi → lungs (secondary bronchi → tertiary bronchi → bronchioles → alveolar sacs → alveoli)
    • Histology along the respiratory tract changes from the trachea to the tertiary bronchi
    • Tracheal tract is lined with ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, smooth muscle, and cartilage rings
    • Bronchioles are lined with cuboidal epithelium
    • Alveolar ducts to alveoli are lined with simple squamous epithelium

    Anatomy of Respiratory Organs

    Nose and Nasal Cavity

    • External nares contain hairs to prevent dust particles from entering
    • Nasal cavity is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to provide a defense mechanism against foreign substances

    Larynx (Voice Box)

    • Rigid, short passage for air between the pharynx and trachea
    • Wall is reinforced by hyaline cartilage and smaller elastic cartilages, connected by ligaments
    • Elastic tissues allow for generation of different sounds when air flow passes through the larynx
    • Epiglottis, a cartilage at the top, remains upright when gases are entering or exiting the trachea through the glottis

    Trachea

    • Long, straight tube beginning from the larynx to the lungs
    • Cilia on its inner wall lining expel foreign substances trapped in mucus back to the naso-pharynx and oropharynx
    • Trachea is open due to support by 20 C-shaped cartilage rings, allowing gases to pass freely

    Histology of Trachea

    Mucosa

    • Epithelium: pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar
    • Types of cells: ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, brush cells, basal cells, granule (Kulchitsky) cells, and secretory cells (Clara cells)
    • Lamina propria: loose connective tissue and elastic fibers
    • Lymphocytes, mast cells, and blood vessels are present

    Submucosa

    • Loose connective tissue
    • Tracheal glands: mixed (serous and mucus) glands
    • Blood vessels and ducts are present

    Cartilage and Smooth Muscle Layer

    • "C" shaped hyaline cartilage with perichondrium and chondrocytes
    • Ends of cartilage are connected by smooth muscles

    Adventitia

    • Fibro-elastic tissue

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    Histology of the Respiratory System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the human respiratory system's structure and components, including conducting and respiratory parts, and how they facilitate breathing and gas exchange.

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