Respiratory System Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of lymphatic capillaries?

  • To collect excess interstitial fluid adjacent to tissue cells and capillary beds (correct)
  • To drive lymph flow towards the heart
  • To empty lymph back into circulation
  • To filter lymph of bacteria/cellular debris

    • What is the role of lymphatic collecting vessels?

  • Filter lymph of bacteria/cellular debris (correct)
  • Collect excess interstitial fluid and proteins
  • Drive lymph flow towards the heart
  • Empty lymph back into circulation

    • Where does the thoracic duct collect lymph from?

  • Entire right side of the body
  • Right upper body
  • Below the ribs and the entire left side of the body (correct)
  • Entire body

    • What drives lymph flow towards the heart in the lymphatic system?

    <p>Skeletal muscle pump and respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B lymphocytes mature?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for T lymphocyte maturation and multiplication?

    <p>Thymus gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T and B lymphocytes primarily get activated and proliferate?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Airway passage and resonance chamber for speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tonsils in the respiratory system?

    <p>Trap bacteria and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures help warm and moisten air in the respiratory system?

    <p>Paranasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx is lined by mucous membrane and stratified squamous epithelium?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the larynx in the respiratory system?

    <p>Serve as the air passage connecting the pharynx to the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for B lymphocyte maturation?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system contains olfactory and respiratory areas?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is laryngitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the larynx due to infection or irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the true vocal cords?

    <p>Help produce sound and close the glottis when swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes are present in the right lung?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Polyhedral alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the rate and depth of breathing?

    <p>Medulla and blood CO2 and O2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pleura?

    <p>Forms plural cavities filled with serous fluid to reduce friction during ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary bronchi connected to?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bronchial route?

    <p>Carrying oxygen to lung tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Type I and type II alveolar cells, a fused alveolar/capillary basement membrane, and the capillary wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx?

    <p>Anchor vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vestibular folds in the larynx?

    <p>Close the glottis when swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

    <p>An air passage containing hyaline cartilages and connecting the larynx to the primary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Structures and Functions

    • The larynx consists of paired cartilages, including the arytenoid cartilages, which anchor vocal cords, and two sets of vocal cords, the vestibular folds, and the true vocal cords, which help produce sound and close the glottis when swallowing.
    • Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx due to infection or irritation.
    • The trachea is an air passage anterior to the esophagus, containing 20 C-shaped hyaline cartilages and connecting the larynx to the primary bronchi that enter each lung.
    • The bronchial tree consists of around 23 generations of branches, with decreasing amounts of hyaline cartilage and increasing amounts of smooth muscle as it extends from the primary bronchi to the alveolar ducts.
    • The lungs contain about 150 million polyhedral alveoli, which form the respiratory membrane and are the primary site of gas exchange.
    • The respiratory membrane is formed by type I and type II alveolar cells, a fused alveolar/capillary basement membrane, and the capillary wall, with macrophages entering the alveoli to remove bacteria and debris.
    • Clinical applications of lung conditions include tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and emphysema, affecting lung elasticity, gas exchange, and causing lung collapse.
    • The gross morphology of the lungs includes three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung, with smooth muscle innervated by the autonomic nervous system and surrounded by the pleura, which forms plural cavities filled with serous fluid to reduce friction during ventilation.
    • The blood supply to the lungs includes the pulmonary route for alveolar oxygenation and the bronchial route for carrying oxygen to lung tissues, with most blood being shunted back to the pulmonary circuit.
    • Ventilation is accomplished via skeletal muscles, with inspiration facilitated by the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals, and expiration occurring through the relaxation of these muscles.
    • The rate and depth of breathing are controlled by the medulla and dependent on blood CO2 and O2 levels, as well as emotions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the respiratory system structures and functions with this quiz. Explore the anatomy of the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs, and learn about clinical applications of lung conditions. Understand the blood supply to the lungs, ventilation mechanisms, and the control of breathing.

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