10 Questions
What is the function of the specialized smooth muscle found in the digestive system?
To facilitate the passage of material
Where is smooth muscle typically found?
In the walls of hollow organs
How is smooth muscle contraction controlled?
Through involuntary nervous system
Which of the following statements is true about smooth muscle?
It lacks striations
What is a key characteristic of smooth muscle cells?
Spindle-shaped
What role does smooth muscle play in the circulatory system?
Regulating blood flow and pressure
Smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that it:
Contracts without conscious control
Which of the following best describes the location of smooth muscle in the urinary system?
In the ureters
What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
In which of the following locations would you NOT expect to find smooth muscle?
The heart
Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system consists of two parts: the upper respiratory system and the lower respiratory system.
Upper Respiratory System
- Consists of:
- Nose and nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx (voice box)
- Sinuses
Lower Respiratory System
- Consists of:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Lungs
Nose and Nasal Cavity
- Air enters and leaves the respiratory system through the nose or mouth.
- The nasal cavity is made of bone and cartilage.
- The two nasal cavities are within the skull, separated by the nasal septum.
- The mucous membrane lines the nasal cavity, with two types:
- Olfactory mucous membrane: lines the superior concha and the spheno-ethmoid, responsible for receiving olfactory stimuli.
- Respiratory mucous membrane: lines the lower part of the nasal cavity, responsible for warming, moistening, and cleaning inspired air.
Pharynx
- A muscular tube posterior to the nasal and oral cavities.
- Divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- The nasopharynx is the uppermost portion, located behind the nasal cavities, and functions as a passageway for air.
- The oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as a passageway for both air and food.
Larynx
- Also known as the voice box.
- Made of nine pieces of cartilage connected by ligaments.
- The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage.
- The epiglottis is the uppermost cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage lies below the thyroid cartilage.
- The arytenoid cartilages are small, pyramidal in shape, and located at the back of the larynx.
- The corniculate cartilages are small nodules that articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages.
Paranasal Sinuses
- Cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
- Types of paranasal sinuses:
- Maxillary sinuses: pyramidal in shape, two in number, located within the maxilla.
- Frontal sinuses: located within the frontal bone, two in number.
- Sphenoid sinuses: located on the body of the sphenoid bone, two in number.
- Ethmoid sinuses: located between the nose and the orbit, divided into anterior, middle, and posterior sinuses.
Learn about the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system, including the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
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