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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of respiratory failure?
What type of respiratory failure is characterized by hypoxia without hypercapnia?
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory failure?
What is the primary method of diagnosis for respiratory failure?
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Which of the following masks is used to deliver FIO2 up to 90%?
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What is the indication for ICU admission in respiratory failure?
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What is the primary goal of management in respiratory failure?
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Which of the following is a clinical presentation of respiratory failure?
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What is the purpose of a nebulizer mask?
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What is the FIO2 delivered by a nasal cannula?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Failure in Recovery Room
Definition
- Respiratory failure is defined as a decrease in PO2 less than 60 mm/Hg and oxygen saturation less than 94% at room air.
Types
- Type 1: Hypoxia without hypercapnia (e.g., Pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax)
- Type 2: Hypoxia and hypercapnia (e.g., COPD, IPF)
Causes
- Incomplete recovery (secretions and residual muscle relaxant effect)
- Foreign body
- Aspiration
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pneumothorax
- Asthma exacerbation
Clinical Presentation
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Respiratory distress
- Cyanosis
- Flapping tremor
- Irritability
- Decreased level of consciousness (DLC)
Diagnosis
- To confirm respiratory failure and its type: ABG
- To detect the cause:
- Careful clinical examination
- Chest imaging:
- Chest X-ray
- CT chest with contrast
- Chest ultrasonography
Management
- Management of the cause (e.g., asthma, pneumothorax, secretions)
- Correction of hypoxia
- Oxygen therapy:
- Simple oxygen mask: Fio2 up to 55%, used in Type 1 respiratory failure
- Nasal cannula: FIO2 up to 40%, more convenient for many patients, used in Type 1 respiratory failure
- Nebulizer mask: FIO2 up to 55%, used to deliver drugs by inhalational route in bronchial asthma and laryngeal croup
- Mask with reservoir: FIO2 up to 90%
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Description
This quiz covers the definition, types, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of respiratory failure, specifically in critical care and intensive care settings.
