Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient with emphysema is receiving oxygen therapy. Which delivery method is most appropriate to prevent oxygen-induced hypercapnia?
A patient with emphysema is receiving oxygen therapy. Which delivery method is most appropriate to prevent oxygen-induced hypercapnia?
- Nasal cannula at 2 L/min
- Simple face mask at 8 L/min
- Venturi mask set at a precise FiO2 (correct)
- Non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
Upon auscultation of a patient's lungs, a nurse hears high-pitched, popping sounds during inspiration. Which term accurately describes this finding, and what is the likely underlying cause?
Upon auscultation of a patient's lungs, a nurse hears high-pitched, popping sounds during inspiration. Which term accurately describes this finding, and what is the likely underlying cause?
- Vesicular sounds, indicating normal airflow
- Crackles (Rales), caused by fluid in the alveoli (correct)
- Rhonchi, caused by airway obstruction
- Wheezes, caused by narrowed airways
A patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath, absent breath sounds on the left side, and tracheal deviation to the right. Which condition is most likely and what immediate intervention should the nurse prepare for?
A patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath, absent breath sounds on the left side, and tracheal deviation to the right. Which condition is most likely and what immediate intervention should the nurse prepare for?
- Pneumothorax; prepare for oxygen administration
- Hemothorax; prepare for chest tube insertion
- Tension pneumothorax; prepare for needle thoracostomy (correct)
- Asthma exacerbation; prepare for bronchodilator administration
An arterial blood gas (ABG) result shows: pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mm Hg, and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
An arterial blood gas (ABG) result shows: pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mm Hg, and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A patient with a history of asthma is prescribed both albuterol and fluticasone inhalers. What is the correct instruction regarding the use of these medications?
A patient with a history of asthma is prescribed both albuterol and fluticasone inhalers. What is the correct instruction regarding the use of these medications?
A patient presents with confusion, muscle weakness, and a decreased level of consciousness. Blood tests reveal a sodium level of 118 mEq/L. Which fluid imbalance is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
A patient presents with confusion, muscle weakness, and a decreased level of consciousness. Blood tests reveal a sodium level of 118 mEq/L. Which fluid imbalance is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
A patient with a history of heart failure is admitted with shortness of breath and peripheral edema. Which type of intravenous fluid would be MOST appropriate to administer cautiously to this patient?
A patient with a history of heart failure is admitted with shortness of breath and peripheral edema. Which type of intravenous fluid would be MOST appropriate to administer cautiously to this patient?
A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the treatment of heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse MOST concerned about monitoring in this patient?
A patient is prescribed a loop diuretic for the treatment of heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance is the nurse MOST concerned about monitoring in this patient?
A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. The doctor orders an initial bolus of intravenous fluids. What assessment finding would indicate that the fluid replacement is having a therapeutic effect?
A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. The doctor orders an initial bolus of intravenous fluids. What assessment finding would indicate that the fluid replacement is having a therapeutic effect?
A patient with a known albumin deficiency is likely to exhibit which of the following clinical manifestations?
A patient with a known albumin deficiency is likely to exhibit which of the following clinical manifestations?
A patient develops metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis. Which compensatory mechanism would the body MOST likely initiate?
A patient develops metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis. Which compensatory mechanism would the body MOST likely initiate?
A patient presents with muscle cramps, hyperactive reflexes, and seizures. Lab results reveal a calcium level of 14.5 mg/dL. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate?
A patient presents with muscle cramps, hyperactive reflexes, and seizures. Lab results reveal a calcium level of 14.5 mg/dL. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate?
A patient is suspected of having third spacing. Which assessment finding would BEST support this suspicion?
A patient is suspected of having third spacing. Which assessment finding would BEST support this suspicion?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. Which intervention is the MOST appropriate to initiate FIRST?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. Which intervention is the MOST appropriate to initiate FIRST?
A patient is prescribed a combination of anti-tubercular drugs including rifampin. What significant patient education should the nurse provide regarding this medication?
A patient is prescribed a combination of anti-tubercular drugs including rifampin. What significant patient education should the nurse provide regarding this medication?
A patient diagnosed with stable angina reports chest pain that is relieved by rest. What is the PRIMARY underlying pathophysiology causing this type of angina?
A patient diagnosed with stable angina reports chest pain that is relieved by rest. What is the PRIMARY underlying pathophysiology causing this type of angina?
A patient presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The patient is likely experiencing:
A patient presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The patient is likely experiencing:
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's (variant) angina. The nurse anticipates which medication to be MOST effective in managing this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's (variant) angina. The nurse anticipates which medication to be MOST effective in managing this condition?
A patient with angina is prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin. What instruction should the nurse give this patient regarding its use during an episode of chest pain?
A patient with angina is prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin. What instruction should the nurse give this patient regarding its use during an episode of chest pain?
During a stressful situation, such as a car accident, the body releases catecholamines. What is a PRIMARY physiological effect of catecholamine release on the cardiovascular system?
During a stressful situation, such as a car accident, the body releases catecholamines. What is a PRIMARY physiological effect of catecholamine release on the cardiovascular system?
A patient taking beta-blockers for angina asks the nurse how these medications work. What is the nurse's BEST response?
A patient taking beta-blockers for angina asks the nurse how these medications work. What is the nurse's BEST response?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the best understanding of medication management?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the best understanding of medication management?
A patient presents to the emergency department with a blood pressure reading of 200/120 mmHg and reports a severe headache and blurred vision. Which condition is most likely?
A patient presents to the emergency department with a blood pressure reading of 200/120 mmHg and reports a severe headache and blurred vision. Which condition is most likely?
Which of the following is the most modifiable risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Which of the following is the most modifiable risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing pain in their calf muscles after walking two blocks, which subsides with rest. What does this most likely indicate?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing pain in their calf muscles after walking two blocks, which subsides with rest. What does this most likely indicate?
An Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is ordered to measure the severity of a patient's PAD. Which result would confirm PAD?
An Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is ordered to measure the severity of a patient's PAD. Which result would confirm PAD?
A nurse is teaching a patient with PAD about proper foot care. Which instruction is most important for preventing complications?
A nurse is teaching a patient with PAD about proper foot care. Which instruction is most important for preventing complications?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is considering dialysis. Which statement best describes the primary difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
A patient with chronic kidney disease is considering dialysis. Which statement best describes the primary difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
Which of the following patients is most at risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency?
Which of the following patients is most at risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency?
Which of the following is the MOST likely initial presentation of pneumonia in older adults?
Which of the following is the MOST likely initial presentation of pneumonia in older adults?
A patient with pneumonia develops a pleural effusion. Which finding would suggest the effusion has progressed to empyema?
A patient with pneumonia develops a pleural effusion. Which finding would suggest the effusion has progressed to empyema?
Following a bronchoscopy, a patient reports a sore throat and mild hoarseness. What nursing intervention is MOST appropriate?
Following a bronchoscopy, a patient reports a sore throat and mild hoarseness. What nursing intervention is MOST appropriate?
A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis of 'Ineffective Airway Clearance related to excessive secretions.' Which intervention is MOST important to include in the plan of care?
A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis of 'Ineffective Airway Clearance related to excessive secretions.' Which intervention is MOST important to include in the plan of care?
A patient is started on an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. What is an important instruction to provide to the patient regarding this medication?
A patient is started on an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. What is an important instruction to provide to the patient regarding this medication?
Which of the following factors has the LEAST direct influence on a patient's blood pressure?
Which of the following factors has the LEAST direct influence on a patient's blood pressure?
The order reads, "Administer IV antihypertensive medication if MAP is greater than 110." The patient's blood pressure is 162/92. What is the MAP, and what is the nurse's next action?
The order reads, "Administer IV antihypertensive medication if MAP is greater than 110." The patient's blood pressure is 162/92. What is the MAP, and what is the nurse's next action?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. What electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for MOST closely?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. What electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for MOST closely?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is experiencing increased dyspnea and a productive cough. Which intervention is the MOST appropriate initial nursing action?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is experiencing increased dyspnea and a productive cough. Which intervention is the MOST appropriate initial nursing action?
A patient with known emphysema is admitted with increasing shortness of breath. Which assessment finding requires the MOST immediate intervention?
A patient with known emphysema is admitted with increasing shortness of breath. Which assessment finding requires the MOST immediate intervention?
Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of Cor Pulmonale in a patient with chronic bronchitis?
Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of Cor Pulmonale in a patient with chronic bronchitis?
A patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Which nursing intervention is MOST important to perform immediately following the procedure?
A patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Which nursing intervention is MOST important to perform immediately following the procedure?
A nurse is educating a patient on the use of CPAP for sleep apnea. Which statement by the patient indicates a NEED for further teaching?
A nurse is educating a patient on the use of CPAP for sleep apnea. Which statement by the patient indicates a NEED for further teaching?
A patient is suspected of having TB. Which diagnostic test will confirm a diagnosis of active tuberculosis?
A patient is suspected of having TB. Which diagnostic test will confirm a diagnosis of active tuberculosis?
A patient with active TB is being discharged. Which instruction is MOST important to include in the patient's discharge teaching to prevent the spread of infection?
A patient with active TB is being discharged. Which instruction is MOST important to include in the patient's discharge teaching to prevent the spread of infection?
A nurse finds a patient unresponsive and not breathing. What is the FIRST nursing action?
A nurse finds a patient unresponsive and not breathing. What is the FIRST nursing action?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted for increasing dyspnea and frequent coughing. Which finding would be MOST indicative of developing Cor Pulmonale?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted for increasing dyspnea and frequent coughing. Which finding would be MOST indicative of developing Cor Pulmonale?
A patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Prior to the procedure, the nurse reviews the patient's chart. Which lab value would be MOST important to report to the physician before the procedure?
A patient is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Prior to the procedure, the nurse reviews the patient's chart. Which lab value would be MOST important to report to the physician before the procedure?
A patient is using a CPAP machine for sleep apnea. Which indicates the CPAP therapy is effective:
A patient is using a CPAP machine for sleep apnea. Which indicates the CPAP therapy is effective:
Which scenario poses the GREATEST risk for a patient developing an airway obstruction?
Which scenario poses the GREATEST risk for a patient developing an airway obstruction?
A patient who is post-operative is at risk for airway obstruction. What nursing intervention would be MOST appropriate?
A patient who is post-operative is at risk for airway obstruction. What nursing intervention would be MOST appropriate?
A nurse is caring for a patient at risk for airway obstruction. Which assessment finding is an EARLY sign of airway obstruction?
A nurse is caring for a patient at risk for airway obstruction. Which assessment finding is an EARLY sign of airway obstruction?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. What is the PRIMARY mode of transmission the nurse should be aware of?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is admitted to the hospital. What is the PRIMARY mode of transmission the nurse should be aware of?
A patient newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) asks the nurse about the risk of spreading the infection. How should the nurse RESPOND?
A patient newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) asks the nurse about the risk of spreading the infection. How should the nurse RESPOND?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the best understanding of lifestyle modifications to manage their condition alongside medication?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the best understanding of lifestyle modifications to manage their condition alongside medication?
Which blood pressure reading indicates a hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical intervention?
Which blood pressure reading indicates a hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical intervention?
A patient is newly diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which risk factor, if modified, would have the MOST significant impact on slowing disease progression?
A patient is newly diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which risk factor, if modified, would have the MOST significant impact on slowing disease progression?
Which pathophysiological process is the PRIMARY underlying cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Which pathophysiological process is the PRIMARY underlying cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing a burning pain in their feet, especially at night when lying in bed. What is the MOST likely explanation for this symptom?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing a burning pain in their feet, especially at night when lying in bed. What is the MOST likely explanation for this symptom?
Which diagnostic test provides the MOST objective measure of arterial blood flow in a patient with suspected peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Which diagnostic test provides the MOST objective measure of arterial blood flow in a patient with suspected peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
A patient with PAD is advised to sit with their legs in a dependent position (dangling) rather than elevated. What is the PRIMARY rationale for this recommendation?
A patient with PAD is advised to sit with their legs in a dependent position (dangling) rather than elevated. What is the PRIMARY rationale for this recommendation?
Which of the following patients is at the HIGHEST risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency?
Which of the following patients is at the HIGHEST risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency?
A patient with a history of asthma presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the patient is using accessory muscles, has a non-productive cough, and is wheezing loudly. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A patient with a history of asthma presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. Upon assessment, the nurse notes the patient is using accessory muscles, has a non-productive cough, and is wheezing loudly. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A patient with a long history of COPD and emphysema is being discharged home. He is prescribed home oxygen therapy. What is the MOST important instruction the nurse should give regarding oxygen use?
A patient with a long history of COPD and emphysema is being discharged home. He is prescribed home oxygen therapy. What is the MOST important instruction the nurse should give regarding oxygen use?
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic bronchitis who is experiencing frequent productive coughs. Which intervention is MOST effective in promoting airway clearance?
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic bronchitis who is experiencing frequent productive coughs. Which intervention is MOST effective in promoting airway clearance?
A patient with an asthma diagnosis is prescribed a combination inhaler containing an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA). What information is crucial for the nurse to emphasize regarding the correct use of this inhaler?
A patient with an asthma diagnosis is prescribed a combination inhaler containing an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA). What information is crucial for the nurse to emphasize regarding the correct use of this inhaler?
A patient with a known history of emphysema is admitted for increasing dyspnea and possible respiratory infection. The patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show pH 7.32, PaCO2 58 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L, and PaO2 55 mm Hg. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate based on these results?
A patient with a known history of emphysema is admitted for increasing dyspnea and possible respiratory infection. The patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show pH 7.32, PaCO2 58 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L, and PaO2 55 mm Hg. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate based on these results?
A patient with a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L also presents with confusion, thirst, and decreased urine output. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains the physiological basis for these manifestations?
A patient with a serum sodium level of 155 mEq/L also presents with confusion, thirst, and decreased urine output. Which of the following mechanisms BEST explains the physiological basis for these manifestations?
A patient is receiving a hypertonic saline solution to correct severe hyponatremia. Which assessment finding would indicate that the treatment is causing an adverse effect that requires immediate nursing intervention?
A patient is receiving a hypertonic saline solution to correct severe hyponatremia. Which assessment finding would indicate that the treatment is causing an adverse effect that requires immediate nursing intervention?
A patient with hypocalcemia is prescribed calcium gluconate. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST critical during the administration of this medication?
A patient with hypocalcemia is prescribed calcium gluconate. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST critical during the administration of this medication?
A patient with chronic alcoholism is admitted for hypomagnesemia. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is MOST likely to occur concurrently and exacerbate the patient's symptoms?
A patient with chronic alcoholism is admitted for hypomagnesemia. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is MOST likely to occur concurrently and exacerbate the patient's symptoms?
A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should emphasize which dietary modification to minimize the risk of hypokalemia?
A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should emphasize which dietary modification to minimize the risk of hypokalemia?
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis due to severe diarrhea. Which compensatory mechanism would the nurse expect the body to initiate?
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis due to severe diarrhea. Which compensatory mechanism would the nurse expect the body to initiate?
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops respiratory acidosis. What is the MOST likely underlying cause of this acid-base imbalance?
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops respiratory acidosis. What is the MOST likely underlying cause of this acid-base imbalance?
A patient is admitted with severe vomiting and dehydration. An arterial blood gas (ABG) reveals a pH of 7.48, PaCO2 of 44 mmHg, and HCO3- of 32 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A patient is admitted with severe vomiting and dehydration. An arterial blood gas (ABG) reveals a pH of 7.48, PaCO2 of 44 mmHg, and HCO3- of 32 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these findings?
A patient post-bronchoscopy is now 2 hours removed from procedure. Which finding requires the MOST immediate intervention?
A patient post-bronchoscopy is now 2 hours removed from procedure. Which finding requires the MOST immediate intervention?
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). What is the MOST likely causative agent the nurse should anticipate?
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). What is the MOST likely causative agent the nurse should anticipate?
An older adult patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia. Which initial sign/symptom is MOST indicative of pneumonia in this population?
An older adult patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia. Which initial sign/symptom is MOST indicative of pneumonia in this population?
A patient with pneumonia develops a large pleural effusion. Which assessment finding is MOST concerning and suggests the development of empyema?
A patient with pneumonia develops a large pleural effusion. Which assessment finding is MOST concerning and suggests the development of empyema?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a medication that inhibits the RAAS system. Which physiological effect directly contributes to lowering blood pressure?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a medication that inhibits the RAAS system. Which physiological effect directly contributes to lowering blood pressure?
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension and recent medication changes. Which patient statement indicates a need for further education regarding their treatment?
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension and recent medication changes. Which patient statement indicates a need for further education regarding their treatment?
A patient's blood pressure is consistently around 150/90 mmHg. Which long-term complication is the patient at HIGHEST risk for if the hypertension is not well-managed?
A patient's blood pressure is consistently around 150/90 mmHg. Which long-term complication is the patient at HIGHEST risk for if the hypertension is not well-managed?
A nurse is teaching a patient about factors influencing blood pressure. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure?
A nurse is teaching a patient about factors influencing blood pressure. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between blood volume and blood pressure?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is being prepared for diagnostic testing. Which test result would be MOST conclusive for confirming active TB disease?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is being prepared for diagnostic testing. Which test result would be MOST conclusive for confirming active TB disease?
When educating a patient recently diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and prescribed multi-drug therapy, which statement is MOST important to emphasize to ensure adherence and prevent drug resistance?
When educating a patient recently diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and prescribed multi-drug therapy, which statement is MOST important to emphasize to ensure adherence and prevent drug resistance?
A patient reports experiencing chest pain only during periods of significant emotional stress or exertion, with the pain typically resolving with rest or nitroglycerin. This presentation is MOST consistent with which type of angina?
A patient reports experiencing chest pain only during periods of significant emotional stress or exertion, with the pain typically resolving with rest or nitroglycerin. This presentation is MOST consistent with which type of angina?
A patient with a history of stable angina reports experiencing more frequent and intense chest pain, even at rest. This change MOST likely indicates the development of which condition?
A patient with a history of stable angina reports experiencing more frequent and intense chest pain, even at rest. This change MOST likely indicates the development of which condition?
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. Which of the following mechanisms is the PRIMARY cause of chest pain in this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. Which of the following mechanisms is the PRIMARY cause of chest pain in this condition?
In caring for a patient experiencing angina pectoris, the nurse knows that catecholamines contribute to anginal pain through which mechanism?
In caring for a patient experiencing angina pectoris, the nurse knows that catecholamines contribute to anginal pain through which mechanism?
A patient experiencing an acute angina attack is administered sublingual nitroglycerin. If the pain is not relieved after the first dose, what is the MOST appropriate next step, assuming the patient's systolic blood pressure remains above 100 mmHg?
A patient experiencing an acute angina attack is administered sublingual nitroglycerin. If the pain is not relieved after the first dose, what is the MOST appropriate next step, assuming the patient's systolic blood pressure remains above 100 mmHg?
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse understands that the PRIMARY mechanism by which beta-blockers alleviate anginal pain is by:
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse understands that the PRIMARY mechanism by which beta-blockers alleviate anginal pain is by:
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an intravenous solution to help mobilize fluid from the interstitial space back into the intravascular space. Which type of solution is MOST likely to be ordered?
A patient with heart failure is prescribed an intravenous solution to help mobilize fluid from the interstitial space back into the intravascular space. Which type of solution is MOST likely to be ordered?
A patient's serum albumin level is critically low. Which compensatory mechanism is LEAST likely to occur directly as a result of this imbalance?
A patient's serum albumin level is critically low. Which compensatory mechanism is LEAST likely to occur directly as a result of this imbalance?
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a consistently elevated serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Besides medication, which dietary modification is MOST important for the nurse to reinforce?
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a consistently elevated serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. Besides medication, which dietary modification is MOST important for the nurse to reinforce?
A patient receiving a loop diuretic demonstrates signs of muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely contributing to these findings?
A patient receiving a loop diuretic demonstrates signs of muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely contributing to these findings?
A patient with a suspected endocrine disorder is undergoing evaluation. If the healthcare provider suspects an issue with fluid balance regulation, which hormonal regulator should the nurse anticipate being assessed?
A patient with a suspected endocrine disorder is undergoing evaluation. If the healthcare provider suspects an issue with fluid balance regulation, which hormonal regulator should the nurse anticipate being assessed?
A patient is admitted with dehydration. After administering an initial bolus of intravenous fluids, which assessment finding BEST indicates that the fluid replacement is having a therapeutic effect on the patient's circulatory status?
A patient is admitted with dehydration. After administering an initial bolus of intravenous fluids, which assessment finding BEST indicates that the fluid replacement is having a therapeutic effect on the patient's circulatory status?
A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. The nurse understands that this third spacing of fluid is PRIMARILY due to which factor?
A patient with cirrhosis develops ascites. The nurse understands that this third spacing of fluid is PRIMARILY due to which factor?
A patient is prescribed spironolactone for fluid volume overload. Which mechanism of action BEST explains how this medication promotes fluid balance?
A patient is prescribed spironolactone for fluid volume overload. Which mechanism of action BEST explains how this medication promotes fluid balance?
A patient with pneumonia is receiving antibiotics. Which assessment finding would BEST indicate that the treatment is effective?
A patient with pneumonia is receiving antibiotics. Which assessment finding would BEST indicate that the treatment is effective?
A female patient is being evaluated for possible angina. Which symptom is MORE commonly reported by women experiencing angina compared to men?
A female patient is being evaluated for possible angina. Which symptom is MORE commonly reported by women experiencing angina compared to men?
An older adult patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia but does not have a fever or productive cough. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse prioritize as being MOST indicative of pneumonia in this population?
An older adult patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia but does not have a fever or productive cough. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse prioritize as being MOST indicative of pneumonia in this population?
A patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB) is being admitted. What is the rationale for placing the patient in a negative pressure room?
A patient with suspected tuberculosis (TB) is being admitted. What is the rationale for placing the patient in a negative pressure room?
A patient with pneumonia develops a large pleural effusion that requires drainage. Which potential complication should the nurse monitor for MOST closely following a thoracentesis?
A patient with pneumonia develops a large pleural effusion that requires drainage. Which potential complication should the nurse monitor for MOST closely following a thoracentesis?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a medication that works by reducing preload and afterload. Which class of medication would MOST likely have these effects?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a medication that works by reducing preload and afterload. Which class of medication would MOST likely have these effects?
A patient is started on isoniazid (INH) and rifampin for active tuberculosis. What is the MOST important reason for using multiple drugs to treat TB?
A patient is started on isoniazid (INH) and rifampin for active tuberculosis. What is the MOST important reason for using multiple drugs to treat TB?
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension and monitors the Mean Arterial Pressure. Based on the blood pressure of 140/80 mm Hg, what is the patient's MAP?
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension and monitors the Mean Arterial Pressure. Based on the blood pressure of 140/80 mm Hg, what is the patient's MAP?
A patient with active TB is being discharged home. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching regarding infection control?
A patient with active TB is being discharged home. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching regarding infection control?
A patient with stable angina reports chest pain after walking up a flight of stairs. How does stable angina differ pathophysiologically from unstable angina?
A patient with stable angina reports chest pain after walking up a flight of stairs. How does stable angina differ pathophysiologically from unstable angina?
A patient is prescribed a new antihypertensive medication. Which statement indicates the BEST understanding of how hormonal systems affect blood pressure?
A patient is prescribed a new antihypertensive medication. Which statement indicates the BEST understanding of how hormonal systems affect blood pressure?
A patient admitted for unstable angina is prescribed nitroglycerin. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which nitroglycerin relieves anginal pain?
A patient admitted for unstable angina is prescribed nitroglycerin. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which nitroglycerin relieves anginal pain?
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. What factor is MOST crucial in determining the appropriate treatment and setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) for this patient?
A patient is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. What factor is MOST crucial in determining the appropriate treatment and setting (inpatient vs. outpatient) for this patient?
A patient reports chest pain only at night while sleeping. The pain is severe and wakes them up. Which type of angina is the MOST likely cause?
A patient reports chest pain only at night while sleeping. The pain is severe and wakes them up. Which type of angina is the MOST likely cause?
During a high-stress situation, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. What is the most direct effect of catecholamine release on a patient's blood pressure?
During a high-stress situation, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. What is the most direct effect of catecholamine release on a patient's blood pressure?
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which beta-blockers reduce anginal symptoms?
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which beta-blockers reduce anginal symptoms?
A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing shortness of breath and wheezing. After administering an inhaled bronchodilator, what assessment finding would indicate the most effective response to the medication?
A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing shortness of breath and wheezing. After administering an inhaled bronchodilator, what assessment finding would indicate the most effective response to the medication?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is prescribed home oxygen therapy. Which of the following instructions is MOST important for the nurse to emphasize to ensure patient safety and prevent complications?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is prescribed home oxygen therapy. Which of the following instructions is MOST important for the nurse to emphasize to ensure patient safety and prevent complications?
A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse correlate MOST closely with these blood gas values?
A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: pH 7.32, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse correlate MOST closely with these blood gas values?
An older adult patient is admitted with dehydration. Besides monitoring intake and output, which assessment provides the best indication of the patient's fluid balance status?
An older adult patient is admitted with dehydration. Besides monitoring intake and output, which assessment provides the best indication of the patient's fluid balance status?
A patient with emphysema is being discharged home on supplemental oxygen. Which statement indicates the best understanding of the discharge instructions regarding oxygen use?
A patient with emphysema is being discharged home on supplemental oxygen. Which statement indicates the best understanding of the discharge instructions regarding oxygen use?
Which patient statement demonstrates the BEST understanding of lifestyle modifications for managing hypertension?
Which patient statement demonstrates the BEST understanding of lifestyle modifications for managing hypertension?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing significant foot pain, even while resting. On assessment, the nurse notes that the limb is cool to the touch with diminished pulses. What is the MOST appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A patient with PAD reports experiencing significant foot pain, even while resting. On assessment, the nurse notes that the limb is cool to the touch with diminished pulses. What is the MOST appropriate initial nursing intervention?
A patient with PAD is prescribed pentoxifylline. What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of this medication in treating PAD?
A patient with PAD is prescribed pentoxifylline. What is the PRIMARY mechanism of action of this medication in treating PAD?
Which nursing intervention is MOST important when caring for a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to promote circulation?
Which nursing intervention is MOST important when caring for a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to promote circulation?
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a history of diabetes is scheduled to start hemodialysis. Which assessment finding is MOST important for the nurse to communicate to the dialysis team prior to the first treatment?
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a history of diabetes is scheduled to start hemodialysis. Which assessment finding is MOST important for the nurse to communicate to the dialysis team prior to the first treatment?
A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis develops a fever, abdominal pain, and the peritoneal effluent appears cloudy. Which complication is MOST likely?
A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis develops a fever, abdominal pain, and the peritoneal effluent appears cloudy. Which complication is MOST likely?
Which statement best describes the PRIMARY advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?
Which statement best describes the PRIMARY advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?
Which of the following factors presents the GREATEST risk for the development of chronic renal insufficiency?
Which of the following factors presents the GREATEST risk for the development of chronic renal insufficiency?
A patient with a history of chronic bronchitis presents with increased dyspnea, productive cough, and wheezing. Which underlying pathophysiological change is MOST likely contributing to these symptoms?
A patient with a history of chronic bronchitis presents with increased dyspnea, productive cough, and wheezing. Which underlying pathophysiological change is MOST likely contributing to these symptoms?
During a thoracentesis, a patient suddenly develops sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. The nurse suspects a pneumothorax. Which immediate nursing action is MOST appropriate?
During a thoracentesis, a patient suddenly develops sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. The nurse suspects a pneumothorax. Which immediate nursing action is MOST appropriate?
A patient with known emphysema is admitted with worsening respiratory distress. Which set of assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest the development of Cor Pulmonale?
A patient with known emphysema is admitted with worsening respiratory distress. Which set of assessment findings would MOST strongly suggest the development of Cor Pulmonale?
A patient admitted with a suspected airway obstruction is exhibiting stridor, intercostal retractions, and cyanosis. What is the PRIORITY nursing intervention?
A patient admitted with a suspected airway obstruction is exhibiting stridor, intercostal retractions, and cyanosis. What is the PRIORITY nursing intervention?
A patient is prescribed CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. Which statement indicates that the patient understands the purpose of the CPAP machine?
A patient is prescribed CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. Which statement indicates that the patient understands the purpose of the CPAP machine?
A patient diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is being treated with multi-drug therapy. After one week of treatment, the patient reports feeling better and wants to discontinue the medication. Which statement is the MOST appropriate response by the nurse?
A patient diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is being treated with multi-drug therapy. After one week of treatment, the patient reports feeling better and wants to discontinue the medication. Which statement is the MOST appropriate response by the nurse?
A nurse is caring for a patient with active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is MOST effective in minimizing the risk of transmission to others?
A nurse is caring for a patient with active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is MOST effective in minimizing the risk of transmission to others?
When educating a patient on managing risk factors for airway obstruction, which recommendation is MOST appropriate for an adult patient with dysphagia following a stroke?
When educating a patient on managing risk factors for airway obstruction, which recommendation is MOST appropriate for an adult patient with dysphagia following a stroke?
Which of the following BEST describes the physiological process of 'third spacing'?
Which of the following BEST describes the physiological process of 'third spacing'?
A patient presents with muscle weakness, tetany, and cardiac arrhythmias. Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely contributing to these signs and symptoms?
A patient presents with muscle weakness, tetany, and cardiac arrhythmias. Which electrolyte imbalance is MOST likely contributing to these signs and symptoms?
A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation. After administering the prescribed bronchodilator, which assessment finding indicates the greatest need for immediate further intervention?
A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation. After administering the prescribed bronchodilator, which assessment finding indicates the greatest need for immediate further intervention?
A patient with a long history of COPD is being discharged home on continuous low-flow oxygen. Which statement indicates the patient understands the MOST important aspect of their oxygen therapy?
A patient with a long history of COPD is being discharged home on continuous low-flow oxygen. Which statement indicates the patient understands the MOST important aspect of their oxygen therapy?
Which intravenous fluid type would BEST be used to expand the intravascular volume in a patient experiencing hypotension due to fluid volume deficit?
Which intravenous fluid type would BEST be used to expand the intravascular volume in a patient experiencing hypotension due to fluid volume deficit?
A doctor orders albumin for a patient with severe edema. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which albumin administration can reduce edema?
A doctor orders albumin for a patient with severe edema. What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which albumin administration can reduce edema?
A patient with emphysema is being discharged. Which home environment modification is most important for the nurse to recommend to improve the patient's respiratory function and safety?
A patient with emphysema is being discharged. Which home environment modification is most important for the nurse to recommend to improve the patient's respiratory function and safety?
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic bronchitis who is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. Which intervention would be MOST effective in preventing this complication?
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic bronchitis who is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. Which intervention would be MOST effective in preventing this complication?
A patient is admitted with dehydration. Which assessment finding is the MOST reliable indicator of fluid volume deficit?
A patient is admitted with dehydration. Which assessment finding is the MOST reliable indicator of fluid volume deficit?
A patient with heart failure is experiencing fluid volume excess. Which assessment finding is MOST indicative of this condition?
A patient with heart failure is experiencing fluid volume excess. Which assessment finding is MOST indicative of this condition?
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis. The patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 55 mm Hg, HCO3- of 25 mEq/L, and PaO2 of 88 mm Hg. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize based on these results?
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis. The patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 55 mm Hg, HCO3- of 25 mEq/L, and PaO2 of 88 mm Hg. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize based on these results?
A patient's lab results show a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. Which medication is MOST likely to contribute to this electrolyte imbalance?
A patient's lab results show a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. Which medication is MOST likely to contribute to this electrolyte imbalance?
The nurse is reviewing the medications of a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which medication would warrant careful monitoring due to its potential to exacerbate hypermagnesemia?
The nurse is reviewing the medications of a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which medication would warrant careful monitoring due to its potential to exacerbate hypermagnesemia?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted with increasing dyspnea and a productive cough. Which pathophysiological process MOST likely contributes to these manifestations?
A patient with chronic bronchitis is admitted with increasing dyspnea and a productive cough. Which pathophysiological process MOST likely contributes to these manifestations?
A patient presents with peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, and hepatomegaly secondary to chronic bronchitis. These findings are MOST indicative of which complication?
A patient presents with peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, and hepatomegaly secondary to chronic bronchitis. These findings are MOST indicative of which complication?
A patient is undergoing a thoracentesis. During the procedure, the patient reports sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. What is the nurse's MOST appropriate initial action?
A patient is undergoing a thoracentesis. During the procedure, the patient reports sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. What is the nurse's MOST appropriate initial action?
The doctor ordered a CPAP for a patient with sleep apnea. Which statement BEST describes the primary mechanism by which CPAP improves ventilation and reduces apneic episodes?
The doctor ordered a CPAP for a patient with sleep apnea. Which statement BEST describes the primary mechanism by which CPAP improves ventilation and reduces apneic episodes?
A patient with obstructive sleep apnea is prescribed CPAP therapy. Which of the following instructions is MOST important for the nurse to provide to ensure effective use of the CPAP machine?
A patient with obstructive sleep apnea is prescribed CPAP therapy. Which of the following instructions is MOST important for the nurse to provide to ensure effective use of the CPAP machine?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is being admitted to the hospital. Which nursing intervention is MOST critical to implement FIRST?
A patient with suspected active tuberculosis (TB) is being admitted to the hospital. Which nursing intervention is MOST critical to implement FIRST?
Following diagnosis of active tuberculosis, a patient asks how the infection spreads. Which response BEST explains the transmission of tuberculosis?
Following diagnosis of active tuberculosis, a patient asks how the infection spreads. Which response BEST explains the transmission of tuberculosis?
A post-operative patient is recovering from anesthesia. Which assessment finding is the MOST concerning and indicates the HIGHEST risk for airway obstruction?
A post-operative patient is recovering from anesthesia. Which assessment finding is the MOST concerning and indicates the HIGHEST risk for airway obstruction?
A patient with a new diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) asks how the disease is spread. What is the MOST accurate explanation?
A patient with a new diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) asks how the disease is spread. What is the MOST accurate explanation?
A patient is diagnosed with active tuberculosis and is prescribed rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. What is the MOST critical teaching point regarding adherence to this medication regimen?
A patient is diagnosed with active tuberculosis and is prescribed rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. What is the MOST critical teaching point regarding adherence to this medication regimen?
A patient is experiencing chest pain that occurs predictably with exertion and is relieved by rest. Which type of angina is the patient MOST likely experiencing?
A patient is experiencing chest pain that occurs predictably with exertion and is relieved by rest. Which type of angina is the patient MOST likely experiencing?
A patient with a history of stable angina reports a recent change in their chest pain pattern. They now experience pain more frequently, with less exertion, and sometimes even at rest. What does this change MOST likely indicate?
A patient with a history of stable angina reports a recent change in their chest pain pattern. They now experience pain more frequently, with less exertion, and sometimes even at rest. What does this change MOST likely indicate?
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. What is the PRIMARY underlying cause of this type of chest pain?
A patient is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. What is the PRIMARY underlying cause of this type of chest pain?
During a stressful situation, a patient's body releases catecholamines. What is the PRIMARY effect of catecholamines on the cardiovascular system?
During a stressful situation, a patient's body releases catecholamines. What is the PRIMARY effect of catecholamines on the cardiovascular system?
A patient experiencing angina takes sublingual nitroglycerin for chest pain. What is the expected primary effect of this medication?
A patient experiencing angina takes sublingual nitroglycerin for chest pain. What is the expected primary effect of this medication?
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. Which mechanism explains how beta-blockers help to prevent angina?
A patient with angina is prescribed a beta-blocker. Which mechanism explains how beta-blockers help to prevent angina?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication and provided education on lifestyle modifications. Which statement indicates the patient understands the importance of integrating both medication and lifestyle changes?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication and provided education on lifestyle modifications. Which statement indicates the patient understands the importance of integrating both medication and lifestyle changes?
Which blood pressure reading is indicative of a hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical intervention?
Which blood pressure reading is indicative of a hypertensive crisis requiring immediate medical intervention?
A patient is diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which modifiable risk factor, if addressed, would have the MOST significant impact on preventing complications?
A patient is diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which modifiable risk factor, if addressed, would have the MOST significant impact on preventing complications?
A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports experiencing intermittent claudication. Which statement BEST describes the pain associated with this condition?
A patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) reports experiencing intermittent claudication. Which statement BEST describes the pain associated with this condition?
A patient with suspected peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoes an Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) test. Which ABI result is MOST consistent with severe PAD?
A patient with suspected peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoes an Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) test. Which ABI result is MOST consistent with severe PAD?
A patient with PAD asks the nurse about positioning their legs while sitting. Which position is MOST beneficial for promoting arterial blood flow to the lower extremities?
A patient with PAD asks the nurse about positioning their legs while sitting. Which position is MOST beneficial for promoting arterial blood flow to the lower extremities?
A patient with diabetes and hypertension is MOST at risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency due to the impact of these conditions on which structures?
A patient with diabetes and hypertension is MOST at risk for developing chronic renal insufficiency due to the impact of these conditions on which structures?
A 78-year-old patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia. Which initial symptom is MOST indicative of pneumonia in this age group?
A 78-year-old patient is admitted with suspected pneumonia. Which initial symptom is MOST indicative of pneumonia in this age group?
A patient is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. Which nursing intervention is MOST important to implement immediately post-procedure while the patient recovers?
A patient is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. Which nursing intervention is MOST important to implement immediately post-procedure while the patient recovers?
A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis of 'Ineffective Airway Clearance.' Which intervention is MOST effective in addressing this problem?
A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis of 'Ineffective Airway Clearance.' Which intervention is MOST effective in addressing this problem?
To assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy, the healthcare provider orders the calculation of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). Which formula should the nurse use to calculate MAP?
To assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy, the healthcare provider orders the calculation of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). Which formula should the nurse use to calculate MAP?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the BEST understanding of managing hypertension?
A patient with hypertension is prescribed a new medication. Which statement indicates the BEST understanding of managing hypertension?
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed a medication that inhibits the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Through which mechanism does inhibiting this system DIRECTLY lower blood pressure?
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed a medication that inhibits the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Through which mechanism does inhibiting this system DIRECTLY lower blood pressure?
A patient is being treated for hypertension. Which of the following factors has the LEAST direct influence on a patient's blood pressure?
A patient is being treated for hypertension. Which of the following factors has the LEAST direct influence on a patient's blood pressure?
A patient presents to the clinic with a blood pressure of 162/94 mmHg. The nurse calculates the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). What is the patient's MAP, and what does this value indicate?
A patient presents to the clinic with a blood pressure of 162/94 mmHg. The nurse calculates the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). What is the patient's MAP, and what does this value indicate?
Flashcards
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Fluid inside cells; about two-thirds of total body water.
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Fluid outside cells, including interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid.
Third spacing
Third spacing
Abnormal shift of fluid from intravascular space into interstitial space or body cavities.
Isotonic solutions
Isotonic solutions
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Hypertonic solutions
Hypertonic solutions
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Hypotonic solutions
Hypotonic solutions
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Colloids
Colloids
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Fluid volume deficit
Fluid volume deficit
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Acidosis
Acidosis
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Alkalosis
Alkalosis
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Asthma: Initial Signs
Asthma: Initial Signs
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Asthma: Emergency Medication
Asthma: Emergency Medication
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COPD: Primary Symptoms
COPD: Primary Symptoms
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Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis
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Cor Pulmonale
Cor Pulmonale
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Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea
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Airway Obstruction
Airway Obstruction
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Position to Prevent Obstruction
Position to Prevent Obstruction
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CPAP vs. BiPAP
CPAP vs. BiPAP
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Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis (TB)
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TB Main Target
TB Main Target
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TB treatment
TB treatment
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Stable Angina
Stable Angina
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Unstable Angina
Unstable Angina
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Vasospastic Angina
Vasospastic Angina
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Catecholamines
Catecholamines
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Triggers for Catecholamine Release
Triggers for Catecholamine Release
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Effects of Catecholamines
Effects of Catecholamines
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Angina Medications
Angina Medications
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Angina signs in women
Angina signs in women
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Types of pneumonia
Types of pneumonia
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Pneumonia risk factors
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Pneumonia in older adults
Pneumonia in older adults
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Pneumonia complications
Pneumonia complications
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Pneumonia diagnosis
Pneumonia diagnosis
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Bronchoscopy complications
Bronchoscopy complications
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Influences on Blood Pressure
Influences on Blood Pressure
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Hypertensive Crisis
Hypertensive Crisis
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PAD Risk Factors
PAD Risk Factors
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Cause of PAD
Cause of PAD
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Intermittent Claudication
Intermittent Claudication
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PAD Patient Positioning
PAD Patient Positioning
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PAD Medications
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PAD Patient Education
PAD Patient Education
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CKD Risk Factors
CKD Risk Factors
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Acidosis: Rapid Respiration
Acidosis: Rapid Respiration
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Alkalosis: Common Symptoms
Alkalosis: Common Symptoms
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Acid-Base Balance: Kidneys
Acid-Base Balance: Kidneys
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Asthma: Rescue Inhaler
Asthma: Rescue Inhaler
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COPD: Oxygen Delivery
COPD: Oxygen Delivery
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Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
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Cause of TB
Cause of TB
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Airborne Precautions for TB
Airborne Precautions for TB
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Medication for TB
Medication for TB
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Sleep Apnea Causes
Sleep Apnea Causes
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Causes of Airway Obstruction
Causes of Airway Obstruction
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TB Infection Process
TB Infection Process
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TB Spread
TB Spread
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TB Signs and Symptoms
TB Signs and Symptoms
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TB Isolation Precaution
TB Isolation Precaution
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
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Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
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Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
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Atypical Pneumonia Symptoms in Older Adults
Atypical Pneumonia Symptoms in Older Adults
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MAP Calculation
MAP Calculation
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Normal MAP Range
Normal MAP Range
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External Hemodynamic Monitoring
External Hemodynamic Monitoring
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Hypertension Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension Signs and Symptoms
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Hypertension Teaching
Hypertension Teaching
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Hypertensive Crisis Value
Hypertensive Crisis Value
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Intermittent Claudication sign
Intermittent Claudication sign
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PAD Diagnostic Tests
PAD Diagnostic Tests
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PAD Nursing Interventions
PAD Nursing Interventions
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PAD - Position in Chair
PAD - Position in Chair
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Hemodialysis vs. Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis vs. Peritoneal Dialysis
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PaCO2
PaCO2
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Rhonchi
Rhonchi
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Asthma: Nursing Management
Asthma: Nursing Management
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Bronchitis
Bronchitis
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Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax
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CPAP
CPAP
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BiPAP
BiPAP
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Angina Symptoms in Women
Angina Symptoms in Women
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Pneumonia Types
Pneumonia Types
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Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output
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Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
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TB Diagnostics
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Anti-TB Drugs
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TB Patient Education
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Hypertension Patient Education
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PAD Signs and Symptoms
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Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
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Crackles (Rales)
Crackles (Rales)
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Asthma: Early Indicators
Asthma: Early Indicators
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Asthma: Patient Education
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Status Asthmaticus signs
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Intracellular Fluid
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Extracellular Fluid
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Thoracentesis Complications
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Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema
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Airway Obstruction Prevention
Airway Obstruction Prevention
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TB Infection Spread
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Catecholamine Triggers
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Catecholamine Effects
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What is Pneumonia?
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Pneumonia Categories
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Hypertension: Patient Teaching
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Peripheral Artery Disease: Risk Factors
Peripheral Artery Disease: Risk Factors
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Peripheral Artery Disease: Cause
Peripheral Artery Disease: Cause
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PAD & Sitting
PAD & Sitting
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Chronic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors
Chronic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors
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