Respiratory Disorder Patient Care
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Producing sound
  • Filtering air
  • Transporting blood
  • Exchanging gases (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper respiratory tract?

  • Bronchi (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Sinuses
  • What is the function of the epiglottis?

  • Preventing aspiration during swallowing (correct)
  • Producing sound
  • Warming air
  • Filtering air
  • Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?

    <p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the right bronchus compared to the left bronchus?

    <p>It is larger and more vertical. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the environment?

    <p>External respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for the sense of smell?

    <p>Nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the lining that attaches to the lungs?

    <p>Visceral pleura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pleural fluid?

    <p>Serves as a lubricant between pleural layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating respiration?

    <p>Medulla oblongata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a deficiency in oxygen in the body?

    <p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of breath sound is caused by narrowing of the airways?

    <p>Wheezes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a pulmonary cause of dyspnea?

    <p>Heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal adult respiration rate range?

    <p>12 to 20 breaths per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'impaired gas exchange' in nursing considerations?

    <p>Insufficient oxygenation received by the patient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes diminished breath sounds?

    <p>Reduced or difficult to hear breath sounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics in COPD treatment?

    <p>Affect the muscles around the bronchi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures involves the insertion of a scope to visualize the bronchial tubes?

    <p>Bronchoscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of corticosteroids in respiratory treatments?

    <p>Reduce inflammation in the airways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory diagnostic method involves analyzing abnormal cells or bacteria in a sample from a patient?

    <p>Sputum Samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test measures blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels?

    <p>Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal during the ventilator weaning process?

    <p>Prepare the patient to breathe independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which procedure is fluid removed from the pleural space?

    <p>Thoracentesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Theophylline?

    <p>Tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason oxygen therapy is prescribed?

    <p>To address low oxygen levels or hypoxia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What oxygen concentration does a patient receive on a nasal cannula at 3 liters?

    <p>32% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mask allows for some CO2 retention?

    <p>Partial Rebreather Mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal oxygen saturation goal for patients with acute conditions?

    <p>92% or higher (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should oxygen saturation levels be monitored in patients receiving oxygen therapy?

    <p>Every 2 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse check to ensure proper function of the oxygen delivery device?

    <p>Airflow monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is used to open airways in respiratory conditions like asthma?

    <p>Bronchodilators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Kussmaul breathing?

    <p>Rapid, deep breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    External Respiration

    The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and environment.

    Internal Respiration

    The exchange of gases at the cellular level within the body.

    Upper Respiratory Tract

    The part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, sinuses, and pharynx.

    Nose

    Entry point for air, filters, warms, and moistens it.

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    Pharynx

    The throat, serving as a passageway for air and food, divided into three parts.

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    Trachea

    The windpipe, leading air from the larynx to the bronchi.

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    Bronchi

    Branches from the trachea that lead to each lung; right bronchus is larger.

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    Alveoli

    Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.

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    Parietal Pleura

    A lining that adheres to the thoracic cavity.

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    Pleural Fluid

    A lubricant secreted between the pleural layers to reduce friction.

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    Negative Pressure System

    Pleural layers create negative pressure for lung inflation.

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    Chemoreceptors

    Cells sensitive to oxygen and CO2 levels regulating blood pH.

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    Wheezes

    Whistling sounds related to airway narrowing.

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    Hypercapnia

    Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

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    Ineffective Airway Clearance

    Issues with clearing airway obstructions like mucus.

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    Causes of Dyspnea

    Factors leading to difficulty in breathing, such as pulmonary or cardiac conditions.

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    Oxygen Therapy

    Treatment for patients with low oxygen levels or hypoxia.

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    Causes of Hypoxia

    Low hemoglobin, decreased diffusion, impaired ventilation, poor tissue perfusion.

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    Oxygen Flow Rates

    The percentage of oxygen supplied at different liter flows.

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    Simple Face Mask

    A mask used for mouth breathers but can cause claustrophobia.

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    Non-Rebreather Mask

    Mask that prevents CO2 from mixing with oxygen, does not collapse.

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    Oxygen Therapy Goal

    Maintain baseline levels in chronic conditions, achieve 92% saturation in acute conditions.

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    Kussmaul Breathing

    Rapid, deep breathing associated with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

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    Bronchodilators

    Medications that open airways, helpful for asthma and emphysema.

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    Anticholinergics

    Medications that affect muscle around bronchi, used in COPD.

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    Theophylline

    A bronchodilator that may cause nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia.

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    Corticosteroids

    Medications that reduce inflammation in airways, taken orally or inhaled.

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    Pulse Oximetry

    Non-invasive method to monitor oxygen saturation levels.

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    Sputum Samples

    Tests done to analyze mucus for abnormal cells or bacteria.

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    Bronchoscopy

    A procedure using a scope to examine the airways and bronchi.

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    Ventilator Settings

    Configurations on a ventilator that support breathing for a patient.

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    Weaning Protocol

    Gradual reduction of ventilator support to prepare patient for independent breathing.

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    Study Notes

    Respiratory Disorder Patient Care

    • The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange.
    • External respiration is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the environment.
    • Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells.
    • The respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together to deliver oxygen to the cells.
    • Failure of either of these systems can lead to cell death.
    • The upper respiratory tract includes the nose.
    • Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the nose.
    • Olfactory receptors are located in the nose.
    • Sinuses in the head empty into the nose. These include frontal and maxillary sinuses.
    • The pharynx (throat) is a passage for air and food.
    • The pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
    • The larynx (voice box) is made of cartilage.
    • The epiglottis covers the larynx during swallowing.
    • The glottis is the space between the vocal cords.
    • The trachea extends from the larynx to the bronchi.
    • The bronchi branch into bronchioles.
    • The bronchioles lead to alveoli, which are the site of gas exchange.
    • Surfactant in the alveoli decreases surface tension and keeps them open.
    • The lungs have two lobes on the right side and one on the left.

    Respiratory Assessment

    • Patients may present with anxiety, confusion, disorientation, or decreased concentration.
    • Restlessness may indicate respiratory distress.
    • Skin color (cyanosis) may be dusky, grey, pale, or pale pallor.
    • Respiratory rate, depth, body position, nasal flaring, and retractions are assessed.
    • Collapsing of the chest wall during inspiration can be noted.
    • Breathing difficulties may make talking and eating difficult.
    • Wheezing, crackles, or plural friction rubs are abnormal breath sounds.
    • Narrowing of airways can cause wheezing, heard during inspiration and expiration.
    • Crackles are a crunching sound related to fluid buildup and are associated with pneumonia.
    • Plural friction rubs are grating or creaking sounds associated with inflammation.
    • Diminished or absent breath sounds indicate reduced airflow.

    Respiratory Medications and Treatments

    • Supplemental oxygen can be used to address hypoxia.
    • Normal adult respiratory rates range from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
    • The patient's oxygen levels should be maintained above 92%.
    • Oxygen therapy is used to treat or relieve low oxygen levels.
    • Bronchodilators can be used to open the airways.
    • Anticholinergics are often given to COPD patients.
    • Corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation.
    • Antihistamines can be used to treat inflammation-related symptoms.

    Respiratory Monitoring

    • Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation.
    • Normal oxygen saturation is 92-100%.
    • Lower values may indicate potential harm.
    • Respiratory rate (number of breaths per minute)
    • Respiratory depth and rhythm.
    • Changes in breathing patterns may indicate impending issues.
    • Ventilator settings (including tidal volume and pressure settings) are monitored.
    • Chest X-rays or CT scans can be used to determine the underlying cause of problems.

    Nursing Interventions

    • Maintaining a patent airway and encouraging deep breathing and coughing are important.
    • Communication with the patient (and family if appropriate) is necessary.
    • Respiratory care should be delivered using a sterile technique

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts related to the respiratory system, including gas exchange processes, anatomical structures, and their functions. It highlights the collaboration between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and the significance of proper air filtration and passageways. Understanding these topics is crucial for effective patient care in respiratory disorders.

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