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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper respiratory tract?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper respiratory tract?
What is the function of the epiglottis?
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the right bronchus compared to the left bronchus?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the right bronchus compared to the left bronchus?
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What is the term for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the environment?
What is the term for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the environment?
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Which of the following structures is responsible for the sense of smell?
Which of the following structures is responsible for the sense of smell?
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What is the name of the lining that attaches to the lungs?
What is the name of the lining that attaches to the lungs?
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What is the primary function of pleural fluid?
What is the primary function of pleural fluid?
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Which area of the nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating respiration?
Which area of the nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating respiration?
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What is defined as a deficiency in oxygen in the body?
What is defined as a deficiency in oxygen in the body?
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Which type of breath sound is caused by narrowing of the airways?
Which type of breath sound is caused by narrowing of the airways?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT a pulmonary cause of dyspnea?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a pulmonary cause of dyspnea?
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What is the normal adult respiration rate range?
What is the normal adult respiration rate range?
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What is meant by 'impaired gas exchange' in nursing considerations?
What is meant by 'impaired gas exchange' in nursing considerations?
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Which of the following describes diminished breath sounds?
Which of the following describes diminished breath sounds?
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What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics in COPD treatment?
What is the primary purpose of anticholinergics in COPD treatment?
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Which of the following procedures involves the insertion of a scope to visualize the bronchial tubes?
Which of the following procedures involves the insertion of a scope to visualize the bronchial tubes?
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What is the function of corticosteroids in respiratory treatments?
What is the function of corticosteroids in respiratory treatments?
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Which laboratory diagnostic method involves analyzing abnormal cells or bacteria in a sample from a patient?
Which laboratory diagnostic method involves analyzing abnormal cells or bacteria in a sample from a patient?
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Which diagnostic test measures blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels?
Which diagnostic test measures blood pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels?
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What is the main goal during the ventilator weaning process?
What is the main goal during the ventilator weaning process?
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During which procedure is fluid removed from the pleural space?
During which procedure is fluid removed from the pleural space?
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What is a common side effect of Theophylline?
What is a common side effect of Theophylline?
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What is a primary reason oxygen therapy is prescribed?
What is a primary reason oxygen therapy is prescribed?
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What oxygen concentration does a patient receive on a nasal cannula at 3 liters?
What oxygen concentration does a patient receive on a nasal cannula at 3 liters?
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Which type of mask allows for some CO2 retention?
Which type of mask allows for some CO2 retention?
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What is the normal oxygen saturation goal for patients with acute conditions?
What is the normal oxygen saturation goal for patients with acute conditions?
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How often should oxygen saturation levels be monitored in patients receiving oxygen therapy?
How often should oxygen saturation levels be monitored in patients receiving oxygen therapy?
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What should a nurse check to ensure proper function of the oxygen delivery device?
What should a nurse check to ensure proper function of the oxygen delivery device?
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Which medication class is used to open airways in respiratory conditions like asthma?
Which medication class is used to open airways in respiratory conditions like asthma?
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What is a characteristic of Kussmaul breathing?
What is a characteristic of Kussmaul breathing?
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Flashcards
External Respiration
External Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and environment.
Internal Respiration
Internal Respiration
The exchange of gases at the cellular level within the body.
Upper Respiratory Tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
The part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, sinuses, and pharynx.
Nose
Nose
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Pharynx
Pharynx
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Trachea
Trachea
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Bronchi
Bronchi
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Parietal Pleura
Parietal Pleura
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Pleural Fluid
Pleural Fluid
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Negative Pressure System
Negative Pressure System
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Chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
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Wheezes
Wheezes
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Hypercapnia
Hypercapnia
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Ineffective Airway Clearance
Ineffective Airway Clearance
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Causes of Dyspnea
Causes of Dyspnea
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Oxygen Therapy
Oxygen Therapy
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Causes of Hypoxia
Causes of Hypoxia
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Oxygen Flow Rates
Oxygen Flow Rates
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Simple Face Mask
Simple Face Mask
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Non-Rebreather Mask
Non-Rebreather Mask
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Oxygen Therapy Goal
Oxygen Therapy Goal
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Kussmaul Breathing
Kussmaul Breathing
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Bronchodilators
Bronchodilators
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Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics
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Theophylline
Theophylline
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Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids
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Pulse Oximetry
Pulse Oximetry
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Sputum Samples
Sputum Samples
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Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy
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Ventilator Settings
Ventilator Settings
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Weaning Protocol
Weaning Protocol
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Study Notes
Respiratory Disorder Patient Care
- The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange.
- External respiration is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the environment.
- Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells.
- The respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together to deliver oxygen to the cells.
- Failure of either of these systems can lead to cell death.
- The upper respiratory tract includes the nose.
- Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the nose.
- Olfactory receptors are located in the nose.
- Sinuses in the head empty into the nose. These include frontal and maxillary sinuses.
- The pharynx (throat) is a passage for air and food.
- The pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- The larynx (voice box) is made of cartilage.
- The epiglottis covers the larynx during swallowing.
- The glottis is the space between the vocal cords.
- The trachea extends from the larynx to the bronchi.
- The bronchi branch into bronchioles.
- The bronchioles lead to alveoli, which are the site of gas exchange.
- Surfactant in the alveoli decreases surface tension and keeps them open.
- The lungs have two lobes on the right side and one on the left.
Respiratory Assessment
- Patients may present with anxiety, confusion, disorientation, or decreased concentration.
- Restlessness may indicate respiratory distress.
- Skin color (cyanosis) may be dusky, grey, pale, or pale pallor.
- Respiratory rate, depth, body position, nasal flaring, and retractions are assessed.
- Collapsing of the chest wall during inspiration can be noted.
- Breathing difficulties may make talking and eating difficult.
- Wheezing, crackles, or plural friction rubs are abnormal breath sounds.
- Narrowing of airways can cause wheezing, heard during inspiration and expiration.
- Crackles are a crunching sound related to fluid buildup and are associated with pneumonia.
- Plural friction rubs are grating or creaking sounds associated with inflammation.
- Diminished or absent breath sounds indicate reduced airflow.
Respiratory Medications and Treatments
- Supplemental oxygen can be used to address hypoxia.
- Normal adult respiratory rates range from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
- The patient's oxygen levels should be maintained above 92%.
- Oxygen therapy is used to treat or relieve low oxygen levels.
- Bronchodilators can be used to open the airways.
- Anticholinergics are often given to COPD patients.
- Corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation.
- Antihistamines can be used to treat inflammation-related symptoms.
Respiratory Monitoring
- Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation.
- Normal oxygen saturation is 92-100%.
- Lower values may indicate potential harm.
- Respiratory rate (number of breaths per minute)
- Respiratory depth and rhythm.
- Changes in breathing patterns may indicate impending issues.
- Ventilator settings (including tidal volume and pressure settings) are monitored.
- Chest X-rays or CT scans can be used to determine the underlying cause of problems.
Nursing Interventions
- Maintaining a patent airway and encouraging deep breathing and coughing are important.
- Communication with the patient (and family if appropriate) is necessary.
- Respiratory care should be delivered using a sterile technique
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to the respiratory system, including gas exchange processes, anatomical structures, and their functions. It highlights the collaboration between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and the significance of proper air filtration and passageways. Understanding these topics is crucial for effective patient care in respiratory disorders.