Respiratory Diseases Quiz

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchial tree, often caused by infections.

Respiratory infections or exposure to inhaled irritants can lead to acute bronchitis.

A severe pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila bacteria found in water reservoirs.

Tests include cultures, chest X-ray, and urine screening for Legionella antigens.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a coronavirus, transmitted through droplets.

Elevated temperature, headache, muscle aches, dry cough, and shortness of breath.

Treatment includes bronchodilators, antibiotics, and cough medications.

Requires antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and possibly mechanical ventilation.

A procedure to remove irritation and bacteria from the lungs.

The spread of TB through airborne droplets or contact.

Symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and a cough.

A test to diagnose TB with a skin reaction measured after 48-72 hours.

Treatment for active TB with medications like INH, Rifampin, and Ethambutol.

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and inadequate ventilation leading to pneumonia.

Productive cough, fever, chills, increased heart and respiratory rates.

Different colors of sputum can indicate specific pathogens in pneumonia.

Chest X-ray, sputum cultures, and blood tests to confirm pneumonia.

Includes antibiotics, oxygen therapy, rest, and fluids.

Monitor lung sounds, promote breathing exercises, and provide nutrition.

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, affecting breathing.

Air or gas in the pleural space causing lung collapse.

Accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing lung collapse.

Sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds.

To re-establish negative pressure and drain air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space.

A closed drainage system that allows one-way fluid flow while preventing air entry.

Tension pneumothorax occurs when trapped air increases pressure on thoracic organs.

Primary causes include smoking, air pollution, and genetic factors.

Persistent cough, hoarseness, chest pain, weight loss, and shortness of breath.

Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, bronchoscopy, lymph node biopsy.

Surgical removal of the entire lung.

A blood clot that travels to the lungs.

Includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and fat emboli.

Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and tachycardia.

Severe lung injury resulting in fluid buildup in alveoli.

Pneumonia, sepsis, and trauma can lead to ARDS.

Include arterial blood gas, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests.

Anticoagulants and thrombolytics are used to treat it.

A progressive, irreversible lung disease causing airflow obstruction and air trapping.

Smoking, inhaled irritants, and genetic factors like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can lead to COPD.

COPD is primarily classified into emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Shortness of breath on exertion, sputum production, and weight loss often characterize the early stage.

In advanced COPD, symptoms include barrel chest, dyspnea at rest, and cyanosis.

Tests include pulmonary function tests, chest X-rays, ABGs, and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels.

In acute cases, management includes oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics.

Interventions include oxygen therapy, promoting deep breathing, and fluid management.