Respiratory Diseases Pathophysiology Quiz

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What is the cause of ARDS?

Lung cancer

Excessive mucus production in the airways

Genetic predisposition

Severe lung injury from conditions such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, or aspiration (correct)

What contributes to the increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane in ARDS?

Low blood pressure

Inflammatory mediators and lung injury (correct)

High oxygen levels in the blood

Normal lung function

What is the result of increased permeability in ARDS?

Reduced airway resistance

Increased gas exchange efficiency

Decreased alveolar collapse

Fluid, proteins, and inflammatory cells leak into the alveoli (correct)

Which diseases are examples of obstructive lung diseases?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic pathophysiology of obstructive lung diseases?

Airway obstruction, often due to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, or structural changes Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are examples of restrictive lung diseases?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic pathophysiology of restrictive lung diseases?

Formation of scar tissue in the lungs leading to decreased lung compliance Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pulmonary embolism?

Blood clots or other materials traveling to the lungs from the venous circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathophysiological effect of pulmonary embolism?

Obstruction of pulmonary arteries, causing ventilation-perfusion mismatch and reduced oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What can result from increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to pulmonary embolism?

Right heart strain leading to acute cor pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of reduced oxygenation due to pulmonary embolism?

Dyspnea, chest pain, and signs of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of reduced lung compliance in pulmonary pathophysiology?

Fibrosis, scarring, or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What happens when emboli block pulmonary arteries in the context of pulmonary embolism?

Impedes blood flow to lung tissue, causing ventilation-perfusion mismatch and reduced oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of right heart strain due to increased pulmonary arterial pressure?

Acute cor pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

How does reduced oxygenation due to pulmonary embolism clinically present?