Respiratory Diseases Pathophysiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the cause of ARDS?

  • Lung cancer
  • Excessive mucus production in the airways
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Severe lung injury from conditions such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, or aspiration (correct)

What contributes to the increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane in ARDS?

  • Low blood pressure
  • Inflammatory mediators and lung injury (correct)
  • High oxygen levels in the blood
  • Normal lung function

What is the result of increased permeability in ARDS?

  • Reduced airway resistance
  • Increased gas exchange efficiency
  • Decreased alveolar collapse
  • Fluid, proteins, and inflammatory cells leak into the alveoli (correct)

Which diseases are examples of obstructive lung diseases?

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic pathophysiology of obstructive lung diseases?

<p>Airway obstruction, often due to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, or structural changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are examples of restrictive lung diseases?

<p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic pathophysiology of restrictive lung diseases?

<p>Formation of scar tissue in the lungs leading to decreased lung compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of pulmonary embolism?

<p>Blood clots or other materials traveling to the lungs from the venous circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathophysiological effect of pulmonary embolism?

<p>Obstruction of pulmonary arteries, causing ventilation-perfusion mismatch and reduced oxygenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from increased pulmonary arterial pressure due to pulmonary embolism?

<p>Right heart strain leading to acute cor pulmonale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of reduced oxygenation due to pulmonary embolism?

<p>Dyspnea, chest pain, and signs of respiratory distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of reduced lung compliance in pulmonary pathophysiology?

<p>Fibrosis, scarring, or inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when emboli block pulmonary arteries in the context of pulmonary embolism?

<p>Impedes blood flow to lung tissue, causing ventilation-perfusion mismatch and reduced oxygenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of right heart strain due to increased pulmonary arterial pressure?

<p>Acute cor pulmonale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does reduced oxygenation due to pulmonary embolism clinically present?

<p>Dyspnea, chest pain, and signs of respiratory distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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