Podcast
Questions and Answers
The buildup of fluid between the lungs and chest is known as ______.
The buildup of fluid between the lungs and chest is known as ______.
pleural effusion
A common symptom of pneumonia is ______, which indicates difficulty in breathing.
A common symptom of pneumonia is ______, which indicates difficulty in breathing.
dyspnea
In pneumonia, alveoli can become blocked with ______ fluid, impairing ventilation.
In pneumonia, alveoli can become blocked with ______ fluid, impairing ventilation.
purulent
Pneumonia may result in hypoxia and respiratory ______, leading to serious health issues.
Pneumonia may result in hypoxia and respiratory ______, leading to serious health issues.
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Individuals at risk for pneumonia include those ______ years and older.
Individuals at risk for pneumonia include those ______ years and older.
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Crackles heard on auscultation suggest ______.
Crackles heard on auscultation suggest ______.
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The test used for tuberculosis screening is called the ______ test.
The test used for tuberculosis screening is called the ______ test.
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The ______ pain caused by pleurisy usually increases on inspiration.
The ______ pain caused by pleurisy usually increases on inspiration.
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Patients with tuberculosis must follow ______ precautions to prevent airborne transmission.
Patients with tuberculosis must follow ______ precautions to prevent airborne transmission.
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Fremitus is a palpable ______ felt on the chest wall during certain lung conditions.
Fremitus is a palpable ______ felt on the chest wall during certain lung conditions.
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Early sign of cerebral hypoxia → ______ and irritability
Early sign of cerebral hypoxia → ______ and irritability
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If lungs sound clear and patient is ______, they are not receiving enough oxygen.
If lungs sound clear and patient is ______, they are not receiving enough oxygen.
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Asthma can cause difficulty of breathing due to narrowing, swelling, and production of ______ in the airway.
Asthma can cause difficulty of breathing due to narrowing, swelling, and production of ______ in the airway.
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Avoid ______ as it can lead to exacerbation of asthma symptoms.
Avoid ______ as it can lead to exacerbation of asthma symptoms.
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COPD is characterized by bronchospasm and ______.
COPD is characterized by bronchospasm and ______.
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______ is an indicator of inflammation in the bronchi and involves increased mucus production.
______ is an indicator of inflammation in the bronchi and involves increased mucus production.
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Normal SpO2 for COPD: 88-92%. Do NOT raise SpO2 level higher than ______ because it stimulates the patient to breathe.
Normal SpO2 for COPD: 88-92%. Do NOT raise SpO2 level higher than ______ because it stimulates the patient to breathe.
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Empyema is defined as pus in the ______ cavity.
Empyema is defined as pus in the ______ cavity.
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The first sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is increased ______.
The first sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is increased ______.
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A ______ occurs when a thrombus lodges into the pulmonary artery, blocking blood flow.
A ______ occurs when a thrombus lodges into the pulmonary artery, blocking blood flow.
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Asthma symptoms include SOB, wheezing, coughing, hypoxemia, and ______.
Asthma symptoms include SOB, wheezing, coughing, hypoxemia, and ______.
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Patients with COPD should maintain a SpO2 level between 88-92% to avoid ______.
Patients with COPD should maintain a SpO2 level between 88-92% to avoid ______.
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Pursed-lip breathing is encouraged for patients with ______ to promote CO2 elimination.
Pursed-lip breathing is encouraged for patients with ______ to promote CO2 elimination.
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) inhibits oxygen exchange due to fluid filling the ______.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) inhibits oxygen exchange due to fluid filling the ______.
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Initial management for empyema includes elevating the HOB and administering ______.
Initial management for empyema includes elevating the HOB and administering ______.
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In COPD, ______ may present as increased mucus production and inflamed bronchioles.
In COPD, ______ may present as increased mucus production and inflamed bronchioles.
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The first clinical sign of pulmonary embolism can often be ______.
The first clinical sign of pulmonary embolism can often be ______.
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To thin mucus and save energy, patients with COPD should be encouraged to inject at least ______ of fluid per day.
To thin mucus and save energy, patients with COPD should be encouraged to inject at least ______ of fluid per day.
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Body compensates by hyperventilating → respiratory ______
Body compensates by hyperventilating → respiratory ______
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The alveoli become blocked with purulent ______, impairing ventilation.
The alveoli become blocked with purulent ______, impairing ventilation.
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Unilateral pneumonia should be positioned with the unaffected (good) lung ______.
Unilateral pneumonia should be positioned with the unaffected (good) lung ______.
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Patients may experience ______ pain associated with inflamed pleura.
Patients may experience ______ pain associated with inflamed pleura.
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A ______ test assesses tuberculosis exposure and must be evaluated 48-72 hours post administration.
A ______ test assesses tuberculosis exposure and must be evaluated 48-72 hours post administration.
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Increased fremitus is an expected finding in ______.
Increased fremitus is an expected finding in ______.
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If a patient has a positive tuberculosis test and presents with ______, a sputum culture should be performed.
If a patient has a positive tuberculosis test and presents with ______, a sputum culture should be performed.
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High Fowler’s position is recommended for managing ______ effusion.
High Fowler’s position is recommended for managing ______ effusion.
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Individuals over 65 years are at risk for ______ and should receive pneumonia vaccinations.
Individuals over 65 years are at risk for ______ and should receive pneumonia vaccinations.
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Airborne ______ are necessary precautions for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis.
Airborne ______ are necessary precautions for patients diagnosed with tuberculosis.
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Study Notes
Respiratory Conditions
- Early signs of cerebral hypoxia: Restlessness and irritability.
- Respiratory assessment: Visualizing and assessing breath sounds. If lungs sound clear but the patient is blue, they're not getting enough oxygen.
- Asthma: Difficulty breathing due to narrowed, swollen airways and mucus production. Symptoms: shortness of breath (SOB), wheezing, coughing, hypoxemia, respiratory acidosis. Interventions: bronchodilators, steroids, hydration, oxygen, nebulizer. Avoid morphine and NSAIDs.
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COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Characterized by bronchospasm and shortness of breath.
- Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchioles, increased mucus, often described as "blue bloaters" with barrel chests.
- Emphysema: Destruction of alveoli, often described as "pink puffers". Normal SpO2 for COPD is typically 88-92% and maintaining it above 92% isn't always beneficial .Interventions for COPD include: pursed-lip breathing, high fowlers, leaning forward, adequate hydration, and mechanical soft foods, to help retain energy.
- Empyema: Pus in the pleural cavity, often associated with pneumonia. Interventions may include elevation of the head of bed (HOB), antibiotics, chest tube or thoracentesis (drainage).
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Fluid buildup in alveoli, impairing oxygen exchange. First sign of increased respiration. followed by dyspnea, retractions, and cyanosis. Hypoxemia is typically not responsive to supplemental oxygen alone due to fluid blockage. Interventions: mechanical ventilation with PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure).
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Blood clot lodged in a pulmonary artery. Symptoms: chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, blood-tinged sputum; body compensates by hyperventilating, leading to respiratory alkalosis. Management: elevate HOB, administer oxygen, thrombolytic therapy, and encourage ambulation to prevent venous stasis.
Pneumonia
- Pneumonia: Infection affecting lung lobes. Alveoli fill with fluid, reducing gas exchange.
- V/Q mismatch: Imbalance between ventilation (airflow) and perfusion (blood flow) in the lungs, impairing oxygenation.
- Pneumothorax: Presence of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. Types: open (air freely circulates), closed (air not increasing), tension (air trapped, compressing lung). Symptoms include: sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, cyanosis, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension. Interventions: 3-way dressing, oxygen, chest tube, potential surgery.
- Nasopharyngeal airway: Tube used to keep the upper airway open. Avoid use in persons with potential head trauma (e.g., skull fracture) due to possible malpositioning.
Other Conditions
- Pleural effusion: Fluid buildup between the lungs and chest wall. Causes: pleuritic pain, dyspnea, dry cough, orthopnea. Interventions: high Fowler's position, monitoring of breath sounds, encouraging deep breathing and coughing, thoracentesis if needed.
- Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, causing stabbing chest pain, worse with breathing.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Infectious disease. Diagnostic tests: PPD test, chest x-ray, sputum culture. Preventive measures: airborne precautions, treatment typically lasting 6 months or longer, medications like Rifapentine (Prifin).
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Description
This quiz covers essential information on various respiratory conditions, including early signs of cerebral hypoxia, asthma, and COPD. You'll explore symptoms, assessment techniques, and intervention strategies for effective management. Test your knowledge on key concepts like bronchitis and emphysema.
