Respiratory Care Chapter Overview

<p>Daily chest physiotherapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase intake of red meats and leafy greens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact emergency services if symptoms worsen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administer iron supplements with vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough that may worsen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasal suctioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of accessory muscles for breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Written plan for symptom management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of a peak flow meter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Practicing strict hand hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest tightness or pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent aspiration and choking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sign language and communication boards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping the head of the bed elevated at 30 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying seizure triggers and maintaining a log (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulging fontanel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Massaging and warm baths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To adjust comfort management strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vigorous suctioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular breathing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implement droplet precautions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mannitol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulging fontanel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (Lupron Depot) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teach parents signs of increased ICP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlargement of the testes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth charts for height and weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate trauma-informed care and emotional support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carefully with objective language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educate on positive parenting and stress management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the appropriate age for natural puberty to begin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenytoin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying seizure triggers and first aid response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevate the head of the bed as appropriate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures, confusion, and coma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring for fluid overload or dehydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease blood ammonia levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting a calm and restful environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teaching patients about their asthma, including proper inhaler use and avoiding triggers.

Providing emotional support and encouragement for asthma patients and their families.

Chronic cough, wheezing, recurrent lung infections, malabsorption, failure to thrive, clubbing of fingernails, barrel chest, electrolyte imbalances, and salty-tasting skin.

Includes hydration, nutrition, infection control, hand hygiene, medication adherence, daily chest physiotherapy, and pancreatic enzymes with every meal/snack.

Lack of red blood cell production due to insufficient iron.

Pale skin, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, and behavioral changes (in severe cases).

Limit cow's milk, iron supplements with vitamin C, increased dietary iron, and careful oral syringe use if liquid supplement is used.

Educating patients & families about proper iron storage, medication handling, dietary sources, and expected stool changes (darkening).

Cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, fever, irritability, and respiratory distress (retractions, flaring) are common symptoms. Cyanosis may occur in severe cases.

Ensuring hydration, clearing mucus with nasal suctioning, and providing humidified air are crucial in supportive care for RSV bronchiolitis.

Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and ribavirin (antiviral) may be used; however, their use varies depending on the severity and patient details.

Wheezing, coughing (especially at night), shortness of breath, and chest tightness are common asthma symptoms.

Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) are used to immediately relieve asthma symptoms.

Inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, or long-acting beta-agonists help manage asthma in the long term.

Using a peak flow meter helps monitor lung function and detect worsening asthma.

A written plan helps manage asthma symptoms and identify triggers in children susceptible to asthma.

The development of secondary sexual characteristics at an unusually early age, often caused by hormonal imbalances, tumors, or central nervous system disorders.

An imbalance in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that regulates the production of reproductive hormones, leading to precocious puberty.

Early breast development, menstruation, pubic or underarm hair growth, and rapid growth spurts.

Enlargement of the testes, penis enlargement, pubic or underarm hair growth, facial hair growth, and deepening voice.

Medications like GnRH analogs (e.g., Lupron Depot) to suppress the production of hormones associated with puberty, allowing for normal development later on.

Process of carefully evaluating a child for signs of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse and neglect, including observing physical signs, listening to the child's story, and assessing their emotional state.

Steps taken to provide support and protection to a child who has experienced maltreatment, involving reporting to authorities, social services, mental health professionals, and offering trauma-informed care.

Teaching families about positive parenting practices, stress management techniques, and connecting them with support services to prevent and address abuse.

The primary concern when ICP (intracranial pressure) is elevated is to prevent further damage to the brain.

Look out for changes in pupils, irritability, reduced alertness, and Cushing's triad (slow heart rate, high blood pressure, irregular breathing).

Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord, often caused by bacteria or viruses.

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency because it can lead to severe complications, even death.

Children with meningitis often have fever, severe headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, altered mental state, and positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's signs.

Immediate antibiotics if the cause is bacterial, monitoring for complications like seizures, increased ICP, and shock, and providing supportive care.

If bacterial meningitis is suspected, droplet precautions should be implemented to prevent spreading.

Frequent neurological checks are crucial to monitor the patient's condition, including assessing the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Methods used to adjust feeding for children with difficulty eating, such as thickening liquids or using special utensils.

Indicators of food or liquid entering the airway during eating, such as coughing, choking, or drooling.

A dangerous condition where pressure inside the skull rises due to an imbalance between brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood.

Conditions leading to increased pressure inside the skull, such as head injuries, fluid build-up (hydrocephalus), tumors, or infections.

Signs of high pressure inside the skull in babies, such as bulging soft spots (fontanels), high-pitched crying, and irritability.

Signs of high pressure inside the skull in older children, including headaches, vomiting, vision changes, sluggishness, altered awareness, and potentially Cushing's triad (high blood pressure, slow heart rate, irregular breathing).

Actions taken to reduce intracranial pressure, like elevating the head of the bed, limiting activities that raise pressure, and administering prescribed medications.

Strategies to manage ICP by keeping the head of the bed elevated to improve drainage and reducing noise and light to minimize stress.

A serious condition causing brain and liver damage, often associated with aspirin use in children following a viral illness. It leads to encephalopathy and liver dysfunction.

Early symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, and irritability. Severe cases can progress to confusion, seizures, and coma.

Early identification and treatment are crucial to prevent progression. Monitor neurological status and liver function diligently.

Frequent neurological assessments are essential for detecting changes in consciousness or signs of increased ICP. Monitor worsening encephalopathy (confusion, seizures), and elevate the head of the bed if possible.

Administer IV fluids cautiously, avoiding overload or dehydration. Regularly assess electrolyte levels for imbalances. Avoid liver-metabolized medications unless prescribed.

Administer lactulose as prescribed to lower blood ammonia. Monitor for side effects like abdominal cramping or diarrhea. Closely monitor liver function tests.

Keep the environment calm and restful to minimize stress. Limit visitors and noise to avoid overstimulation. Provide supportive care to prevent infections due to a weakened immune system.

Teach parents seizure first aid and when to seek emergency care. Explain seizure triggers and how to avoid them. Emphasize the importance of medication adherence.