Questions and Answers
Which bacteria is most often responsible for Community Acquired Pneumonia worldwide?
What is the incidence of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) per 100,000 discharges in the Philippines?
Whooping Cough is also known as Pertussis.
True
What typically causes the infection in Community Acquired Pneumonia?
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What age group has been noted to have a higher burden of Community Acquired Pneumonia?
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What is the typical response of the immune system to bacterial infection in the lungs?
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The bacteria responsible for bronchitis is _____ (Mycoplasma pneumoniae).
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The top three respiratory bacterial infections in the Philippines include Community Acquired Pneumonia, Whooping Cough, and _____ (Bronchitis).
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Study Notes
Respiratory Bacterial Infections in the Philippines
- Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is caused by Bordetella pertussis and has seen a rise in cases, with 1,112 reported in 2024.
- Bronchitis is primarily linked to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Community Acquired Pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Incidence of CAP in the Philippines is 4,205 cases per 100,000 discharges, representing a prevalence of 4.2%.
- The age distribution shows a U-shaped curve, indicating higher impact on both the youngest and oldest populations.
- Pathogen entry typically occurs through inhalation or aspiration of contaminated secretions.
- Infection targets the alveoli, leading to inflammation and an immune response.
Pathophysiology of CAP
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading bacterial cause of CAP worldwide.
- Other common bacterial agents include Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- The inflammatory response involves the release of cytokines and mediators aimed at eliminating the pathogen, but can also result in lung tissue damage.
- Symptoms can include cough, fever, and in severe cases, confusion or altered mental status as a result of hypoxia.
Consolidation in CAP
- As infection progresses, inflammatory cells, fluid, and debris accumulate in the alveoli, leading to consolidation (solidification of lung tissue).
- This accumulation can impair gas exchange and contribute to respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough.
Differential Diagnoses (Ddx) for CAP
- Acute Bronchitis and Congestive Heart Failure are among the most common differential diagnoses for Community Acquired Pneumonia.
- Proper identification of the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment management.
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Description
This quiz explores various bacterial respiratory infections prevalent in the Philippines, focusing on Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It discusses epidemiology, age distribution, and pathogen entry mechanisms. Test your knowledge on these critical health issues and their implications.
