Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Management

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Questions and Answers

What is typically included in the workup for community-acquired pneumonia?

  • Labs, imaging, and infectious workup (correct)
  • Imaging and electrocardiogram
  • Infectious workup and electrocardiogram
  • Labs, imaging, and electrocardiogram

What is the first-line treatment for outpatients with comorbidities?

  • Combination therapy with beta-lactams and tetracycline
  • Monotherapy with fluoroquinolones
  • Combination therapy with beta-lactams and macrolides (correct)
  • Monotherapy with amoxicillin

What is a complication of untreated community-acquired pneumonia?

  • Hypertension
  • Stroke
  • Diabetes
  • ARDS (correct)

What is the preferred treatment for inpatients with risk factors for Pseudomonas?

<p>Replace beta-lactam agent with antipseudomonal agent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring in community-acquired pneumonia?

<p>To monitor response to treatment and assess disease severity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for healthy outpatients without comorbidities?

<p>Monotherapy with amoxicillin or doxycycline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred treatment for inpatients with risk factors for MRSA?

<p>Add an anti-MRSA agent to baseline course (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spirometry/PFTs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

<p>To assess therapy response and document disease progression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological management strategy for COPD?

<p>Antibiotic therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Procalcitonin test in COPD management?

<p>To improve survival and reduce the risk of inappropriate antibiotic exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to reduce hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in COPD?

<p>Fluticasone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of acute bronchiolitis?

<p>Secondary pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for acute bronchiolitis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiological process underlying acute bronchiolitis?

<p>Inflammation in the bronchioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of acute bronchiolitis?

<p>Insidious cough and dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pneumonia?

<p>Sudden choking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of preventative measures in managing pneumonia?

<p>To prevent the occurrence of pneumonia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving antacids preemptively in managing pneumonia?

<p>To elevate gastric pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of corticosteroid treatment in post-event treatment of pneumonia?

<p>First 72 hrs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'hygiene hypothesis' related to in the context of asthma?

<p>Risk factor for asthma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the early response in the pathophysiology of asthma?

<p>Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchospasm, and mucus secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the late response in the pathophysiology of asthma?

<p>Occurs 4-8 hrs after initial response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of asthma clinical presentation?

<p>Recurrent episodes of coughing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for sleep apnea?

<p>Bodybuilding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of central sleep apnea?

<p>Cessation of breath during sleep with ventilatory effort absent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) used to diagnose?

<p>Obstructive sleep apnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?

<p>CPAP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk factor for obesity hypoventilation syndrome?

<p>BMI &gt; 30 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of obesity hypoventilation syndrome?

<p>Reduced lung function and inspiratory muscle strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of a solitary pulmonary nodule?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for bronchogenic cancer?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of lung cancer that is associated with paraneoplastic syndromes?

<p>Small cell lung cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for sleep apnea if left untreated?

<p>Poor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of non-small cell lung cancer is adenocarcinoma?

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic growth pattern of adenocarcinomas in situ?

<p>Lepidic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Centrally located (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Pancoast Syndrome?

<p>Severe radiating shoulder pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for patterns of organ dysfunction related to immune-mediated or secretory effects of neoplasms?

<p>Paraneoplastic syndromes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible effect of treating a tumor?

<p>Improvement of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common subjective finding in patients with non-small cell lung cancer?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible objective finding in patients with non-small cell lung cancer?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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